Materials for high speed sintering

Ellis, Adam; Noble, Christopher J.; Hartley, Liam; Lestrange, Charis; Hopkinson, Neil; Majewski, Candice

doi:10.1557/jmr.2014.156

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…High speed sintering (HSS) is another similar 3D-printing process like MJF. The HSS 3D-printing process also jets an infrared absorbing ink that polymerizes the powder under infrared heat [ 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ]. However, HSS 3D-printing process does not use detailing agent or transforming agent to improve accuracy, print detail, color and change material property [ 107 , 120 ].…”

Section: Powder-based 3d-printing Modalities and Their Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Device with Micro and Mesoscale Features

et al. 2020

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Customized manufacturing of a miniaturized device with micro and mesoscale features is a key requirement of mechanical, electrical, electronic and medical devices. Powder-based 3D-printing processes offer a strong candidate for micromanufacturing due to the wide range of materials, fast production and high accuracy. This study presents a comprehensive review of the powder-based three-dimensional (3D)-printing processes and how these processes impact the creation of devices with micro and mesoscale features. This review also focuses on applications of devices with micro and mesoscale size features that are created by powder-based 3D-printing technology.

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Section: Powder-based 3d-printing Modalities and Their Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Device with Micro and Mesoscale Features

et al. 2020

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“…The ink is continually circulated through the printheads in the build chamber, with droplets being delivered to the powder bed surface when needed using a drop-ondemand piezoelectric system. While some effort has been made to expand the suite of polymer materials which can be used in HSS [2,3] little attention has been paid to the inks and their properties. Indeed, the inks usually used in HSS have not been optimised for the process, but rather chosen as suitable candidates from a range of existing inks available for different applications (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is achieved by a combination of resistance heaters below the bed, static ceramic lamps above the bed, and repeated strokes of the IR heating lamp over the bed before printing starts. The goal is to keep the polymer powder at a temperature between its recrystallisation and melt temperatures, so that only a relatively small input of energy is required from the heating lamp for sintering to occur, and so that alreadysintered polymer does not begin to recrystallise during the remainder of the build [3]. This helps to prevent unnecessary sintering of the polymer away from the printed crosssection, and warpage of the polymer due to crystallisationinduced shrinking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is ink heating a relevant concern in the High Speed Sintering process?

Williams

Smith

Majewski

2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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High Speed Sintering (HSS) is a novel polymer additive manufacturing process which utilises inkjet printing of an infrared-absorbing pigment onto a heated polymer powder bed to create 2D cross-sections which can be selectively sintered using an infrared lamp. Understanding and improving the accuracy and repeatability of part manufacture by HSS are important, ongoing areas of research. In particular, the role of the ink is poorly understood; the inks typically used in HSS have not been optimised for it, and it is unknown whether they perform in a consistent manner in the process. Notably, the ambient temperature inside a HSS machine increases as a side effect of the sintering process, and the unintentional heating to which the ink is exposed is expected to cause changes in its fluid properties. However, neither the extent of ink heating during the HSS process nor the subsequent changes in its fluid properties have ever been investigated. Such investigation is important, since significant changes in ink properties at different temperatures would be expected to lead to inconsistent printing and subsequently variations in part accuracy and even the degree of sintering during a single build. For the first time, we have quantified the ink temperature rise caused by unintentional, ambient heating during the HSS process, and subsequently measured several of the ink’s fluid properties across the ink temperature range which is expected to be encountered in normal machine operation (25 to 45 ∘C). We observed only small changes in the ink’s density and surface tension due to this heating, but a significant drop (36%) in its viscosity was seen. By inspection of the ink’s Z number throughout printing, it is concluded that these changes would not be expected to change the manner in which droplets are delivered to the powder bed surface. In contrast, the viscosity decrease during printing is such that it is expected that the printed droplet sizes do change in a single build, which may indeed be a cause for concern with regard to the accuracy and repeatability of the inkjet printing used in HSS, and subsequently to the properties of the polymer parts obtained from the process.

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“…9 There has always been an interest in processing amorphous polymers due to their low shrinkage values, 16,17 which lead to lower compensatory values compared to their semi-crystalline cousins. Components manufactured using amorphous polymers are also usually transparent, 18 which have aesthetic and functional uses. Amorphous polymers have a wide temperature range where the material undergoes melting due to the random arrangement of polymeric chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating poly(methyl methacrylate) parts using high-speed sintering

Bharaj

Paul

Mumtaz

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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The ability of high-speed sintering to fabricate fully functional polymer parts at higher production rates as compared to other alternative additive manufacturing processes makes it prudent to further investigate its capability in processing different materials. The preferential deposition of a radiation absorbing material, which is often presented in the form of a liquid ink, on the powder bed can be considered the highlight of this technology. The effect of ‘print density’, that is, the amount of ink which is deposited, on the mechanical properties of parts made of an amorphous polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), was investigated along with its potential role in controlling the porosity and partial melting. The ultimate tensile strength was measured and compared to other additive manufacturing technologies such as laser sintering and was found to be comparable, possibly due to the gradual supply of heat from the infrared lamp which allowed the amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) particles to melt and have proper bonding with neighbouring particles as compared to the fast lasing action in laser sintering, where the sudden introduction and the withdrawal of the heat source (laser) led to poor inter-particle bonding.

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Materials for high speed sintering

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Powder-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Device with Micro and Mesoscale Features

Powder-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Device with Micro and Mesoscale Features

Is ink heating a relevant concern in the High Speed Sintering process?

Fabricating poly(methyl methacrylate) parts using high-speed sintering

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