Measurement of Foveal Avascular Zone Dimensions and its Reliability in Healthy Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Tan, Colin S.; Lim, Louis W.; Cheong, Kai Xiong; Chow, Vernon S.; Chay, Isaac W.; Tan, Seng C.

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2016.02.035

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Adhi et al revealed that the FAZ area was the greatest in RVO eyes, and larger in the unaffected eyes of RVO patients than controls (17). We should interpret these conflicting results, considering that the FAZ measurements also may vary in healthy subjects (18,19). In contrast to overall VD and PD analyses, we found significant differences in VD of the parafoveal and perifoveal ring and PD of perifoveal ring among affected, unaffected, and corresponding quadrants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

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Retinal Ven Dal Tıkanıklığında Makula Ödeminin Gerilemesi Sonrası Mikrovasküler ve Nörodejeneratif Değişikliklerin İncelenmesi

Özçalışkan

Özcan

2020

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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Background: To evaluate the quadrantal effect of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) on retinal microvasculature and ganglion cell-internal plexiform layer thickness (GC-IPL) Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 62 eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with unilateral BRVO. Participants had optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) analyses after complete regression of the macular edema. The macular central subfield thickness (CST), GC-IPL thickness, vessel and perfusion density (VD and PD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were evaluated in both groups. We also compared the affected and opposite unaffected quadrant measurements in BRVO eyes with the corresponding quadrant to BRVO (BRVO-corresponding) in the fellow eye. Results: The mean FAZ area, VD, and PD of SCP demonstrated no significant difference between BRVO and fellow eyes of BRVO (p>0.05 all). The mean GC-IPL thickness, the mean VD of the parafoveal and perifoveal ring, and mean PD of the perifoveal ring were significantly decreased in the affected quadrant of BRVO eyes (p<0.05 all). In the post hoc tests, the VD of the parafoveal and perifoveal ring was significantly lower in the affected quadrant than the unaffected and BRVO-corresponding quadrant (p<0.05 all). A post hoc analysis revealed that the PD was significantly lower in the affected quadrant than the unaffected and BRVO-corresponding quadrant (p=0.017, p=0.025). Conclusions:The microvascular changes in the macular superficial capillary plexus accompany significant ganglion cell loss in BRVO. The microvascular and microstructural alterations were mainly localized to the distribution area of the occluded vein.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Retinal Ven Dal Tıkanıklığında Makula Ödeminin Gerilemesi Sonrası Mikrovasküler ve Nörodejeneratif Değişikliklerin İncelenmesi

Özçalışkan

Özcan

2020

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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“…Using the OCTA technique, the present study provides in vivo evidence that the mean area of the FAZ in the superficial retinal layer among young Chinese adults is 0:30 ± 0:11 mm 2 , which is significantly associated with several clinical characteristics. Various studies have reported different FAZ sizes based on their subjects [11,14,[17][18][19]. Reasons for the discrepancy might be attributed to ethnic back-ground, sample size, and different age stages of the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors Affecting the Foveal Avascular Zone Area in Healthy Eyes among Young Chinese Adults

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Purpose. To evaluate the influence of systemic and ocular factors on the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in young Chinese subjects’ healthy eyes. Methods. The current observational, cross-sectional study included 344 eyes from 172 healthy individuals (103 women, 69 men). Optical coherence tomography angiography realized with the split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA) algorithm was used to assess the area of superficial FAZ. To determine the related factors and to reveal their potential correlations with the FAZ area, comprehensive examinations including both systemic and ocular ones were executed. Systemic examination involved factors including age, gender, and body mass index, while ocular examination involved factors including BCVA, refractive error, intraocular pressure, axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness. Especially for fundus examination, central macular thickness (CMT), retinal volume, mean retinal thickness, macular blood flow area/vessel density in the superficial retinal layer (SRL) and deep retinal layer (DRL), mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, C/D rate, rim area, and subfoveal choroid thickness were assessed, using mixed-effects regression models to appropriately account for intereye correlation. Subgroup analyses were performed based on gender and high myopia categories. Results. The mean FAZ area was 0.30±0.11 mm2 and varied significantly across gender (P=0.0024). AL, CMT, and RNFL thickness were found significantly correlated with the FAZ area in the univariate regression analysis (AL, P=0.0005; CMT, P<0.0001; and RNFL thickness, P=0.0461). According to the multivariate results, CMT and macular blood flow in SRL were negatively correlated with FAZ (CMT: P<0.0001; macular blood flow in SRL: P=0.00223). Mean retinal thickness, mean GCL thickness, and macular blood flow in DRL were positively correlated with FAZ (mean retinal thickness: P=0.0005; mean GCL thickness: P<0.0001; and macular blood flow in DRL: P=0.0099). Correlation results among these filtered factors and FAZ were more pronounced in non-high-myopic eyes than in high-myopic eyes and had a significant difference when data of male and female subjects were processed separately from each other. Conclusion. The present cross-sectional study performed comprehensive systemic and ocular examinations in young Chinese adults and filtered factors affecting FAZ. We indicated that among all the assessed candidate factors, gender, AL, retinal thickness, macular blood flow, RNFL, and GCL thickness affected the FAZ area most significantly. Such findings would facilitate future research concerning the role of FAZ variation in fundus diseases.

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“…Quantifying FAZ at the SCP has been reported to be reliable. [20][21][22] FAZ areas were manually outlined by a single grader using the ImageJ software (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/; provided in the public domain by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). We used commercial software (NI Vision; National Instruments Corp., Austin, TX, USA) to calculate the outlined areas in pixels and these were converted into square millimeters based on the 606 pixels width of the original 3 3 3 mm images.…”

Section: Foveal Avascular Zone Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Reveals Spatial Bias of Macular Capillary Dropout in Diabetic Retinopathy

Kaizu

Nakao

Hayami

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Measurement of Foveal Avascular Zone Dimensions and its Reliability in Healthy Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Retinal Ven Dal Tıkanıklığında Makula Ödeminin Gerilemesi Sonrası Mikrovasküler ve Nörodejeneratif Değişikliklerin İncelenmesi

Retinal Ven Dal Tıkanıklığında Makula Ödeminin Gerilemesi Sonrası Mikrovasküler ve Nörodejeneratif Değişikliklerin İncelenmesi

Factors Affecting the Foveal Avascular Zone Area in Healthy Eyes among Young Chinese Adults

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Reveals Spatial Bias of Macular Capillary Dropout in Diabetic Retinopathy

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