Measurement of IgG Levels Can Serve as a Biomarker in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Children

Abstract

Summary This study was undertaken to determine humoral immune response to the presence of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus, using as a target cow immunoglobulins, in an attempt to elucidate further complex immunopathogenetic interactions of the disease. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were measured by ELISA in 30 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy matched normal children. It was found that normal children had a mean IgG level of 7.41 mg/ml while diabetic individuals had a mean IgG level of 8.52 mg/ml (p<0.00004). On the contrary, the mean level of IgG in diabetic sera after purification from anti-cow immunoglobulins was determined to be 7.52 mg/ml. Therefore, there was no significant difference in IgG level in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus after removal of anti-cow immunoglobulin antibodies compared to normal children (p<0.58). Visualization of IgG and immuno-precipitation confirm that anti-cow immunoglobulins antibodies, which were unrelated to antigen, were coprecipitated with the antigen-antibody complex. A circulating immunoglobulin reacting with other immunoglobulins is thus present in children with type 1 diabetes and may well play a part in the complex immuno-pathogenetic interactions.

Magnetic Susceptibility-Based Protein Detection Using Magnetic Levitation

“…Lastly, we applied a sandwich immunoassay on the polymer microspheres for detection of a serological biomarker. We chose IgG as the target biomarker to validate our method since IgG levels in blood are indicators of neutralization of toxins and pathogens and autoimmune diseases . The normal concentrations of total IgG in human blood range between 8–16 mg/mL and discrepancies in total IgG levels in blood relate to serious health problems.…”

Non enzymatic glycosylation of IgG and their urinary excretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy

“…There was no significant increase in IgG level observed in non-diabetic nephropathy. Thus, our results suggest that the increase in IgG level might be playing a role in diabetics as well as in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (24,25).…”

Antibody avidity in patients with different stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Azerbaijan Republic

“…Only high-avid antibodies of G class form polyvalent bond with antigen epitopes and lead to realization of effector function of antibodies, i.e., involving molecular and cell mechanisms of body natural protection in immune response. [13,29] Secretion of low-avid antibodies of G class with anomalous conformation and low functional activity as mentioned before, leads to several consequences, and among them, the most essential is the formation of small, soluble immune complexes circulating for a long period in blood, which are incapable of activating classical way of complement system and to involve cascade of Fc gamma and CR-depended cell-mediated defense mechanisms [30][31][32] Such small, soluble CIC have cytophilic activity, i.e., ability to bind with tissues. Owing to these reasons it can be considered that allergens and atopens circulating for a long time in blood lead to hyperactivity of B-and T-system immunity and suppression of antibacterial activity of macrophage cells.…”