Mechanical breakdown of bent silicon nanowires imaged by coherent x-ray diffraction

Shi, Xiaowen; Clark, Jesse N.; Xiong, Gang; Huang, Xiaojing; Harder, Ross; Robinson, Ian

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/12/123007

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A related technique, Fourier-transform holography (FTH), solves the phase problem in the Fourier domain by interfering the far field scattering pattern with planewave references. CDI and FTH techniques have provided quantitative, high-resolution images of a variety of samples, including magnetic domains [5][6][7][8], ZnO nanocrystals [9], strained-silicon-on-insulator nanostructures [10], silicon-oninsulator nanowires [11], ceramic nanofoams [12], and biological samples such as yeast cells [13][14][15] and individual virus particles [16]. While improvements to reconstruction algorithms have allowed a broader range of information about the real-space nature of the sample being imaged, such as some knowledge of its composition [17], to serve as constraints on the reconstruction, the requirement of the reconstruction algorithms that the illuminating radiation have both high spatial and temporal coherence has hindered the progress and application of diffractive imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially coherent x-ray diffractive imaging of complex objects

2014

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Lack of both spatial and temporal coherence at present x-ray light sources has hindered the application of coherent diffractive imaging techniques, as the computational algorithms which solve the phase problem to invert coherent speckle patterns have traditionally required fully coherent illumination. For this reason, new algorithms which incorporate knowledge of the illumination's coherence properties have been developed and shown to improve the reconstructed image of the scatterer in relatively simple test systems. In this paper we examine the performance of a reconstruction algorithm which incorporates knowledge of the spatial coherence of the illumination in the case of samples with complicated phase structure, and find that even perfect knowledge of the illumination's coherence does not improve the reconstructed image. We speculate that this failure to improve the reconstruction results from an underdetermination of the phase problem in the case of partially coherent illumination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially coherent x-ray diffractive imaging of complex objects

2014

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“…A dislocation would cause the bending of the lattice planes surrounding the dislocation. These distortions would cause opposing signs of phase shifts [35,56] since the directions of the distortions around the dislocation are of opposing signs. Indeed, dislocations have a signature phase pattern of a 2π rotation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of BCDI to image strain in 3D in individual nanocrystals is extremely useful and highly novel. BCDI has been used to obtain the full strain tensor in nanocrystals [31,32] and to study the structure of and strain within nanowires [33][34][35] and other materials [36][37][38]. It has also been applied in the study of dynamic processes such as investigation of lattice dynamics [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bragg coherent diffraction imaging of iron diffusion into gold nanocrystals

et al. 2018

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Understanding how diffusion takes place within nanocrystals is of great importance for their stability and for controlling their synthesis. In this study, we used the strain sensitivity of Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) to study the diffusion of iron into individual gold nanocrystals in situ at elevated temperatures. The BCDI experiments were performed at the I-07 beamline at Diamond Light Source, UK. The diffraction pattern of individual gold nanocrystals was measured around the (11-1) Bragg peak of gold before and after iron deposition as a function of temperature and time. Phase retrieval algorithms were used to obtain real space reconstructions of the nanocrystals from their measured diffraction patterns. Alloying of iron with gold at sample temperatures of 300°C-500°C and dealloying of iron from gold at 600°C were observed. The volume of the alloyed region in the nanocrystals was found to increase with the dose of iron. However, no significant time dependence was observed for the structure following each iron deposition, suggesting that the samples reached equilibrium relatively quickly. The resulting phase distribution within the gold nanocrystals after the iron depositions suggests a contraction due to diffusion of iron. Our results show that BCDI is a useful technique for studying diffusion in three dimensions and alloying behaviour in individual crystalline grains.

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“…The ideal sample for BCDI measurements is perfect prismatic-shaped crystals with low strain in their pristine state, so that when strain is induced during the electrochemical reaction it can be observed as a significant phase shift introduced by the strain of the lattice . Crystals with strong intrinsic strains or other mosaic structure are less suitable for BCDI measurements as the phase structure in the pristine image will already be very highly structured and the effects of electrochemistry may be overwhelmed (Shi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For BCDI phase retrieval to work well, one also requires the Bragg peak to have a well defined intense center. As reported by Shi et al (2013), when strain in the sample is so severe that the Bragg peak shows strong distortion, one must resort to model-based phasing methods to retrieve an image.…”

Section: Sample Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for operando coherent X-ray diffraction of battery materials at the Advanced Photon Source

Xie

Maxey

et al. 2019

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Bragg coherent X‐ray diffraction imaging has become valuable for visualization of the structural, morphological and strain evolution of crystals in operando electrode materials. As the electrode material particles (either in a single‐crystal form or an aggregation form of single crystals) are evenly dispersed and randomly oriented in the electrode laminate, the submicrometer‐sized coherentX‐ray beam can be used to probe the local properties of electrode material crystals using two approaches. Coherent multi‐crystal diffraction provides collective structural information of phase transitions in tens of crystals simultaneously as well as the individual behavior from single crystals, which are oriented at the Bragg condition in the X‐ray illumination volume. Bragg coherent diffractive imaging enables one to monitor the evolution of the morphology and strain in individual crystals. This work explores and highlights the Bragg coherent X‐ray diffraction measurements of battery electrode materials in operando conditions at the 34‐ID‐C beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. The experiment is demonstrated with NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2, a sodium‐ion cathode material loaded in a half cell. The paper will discuss, in detail, the beamline setup, sample mounting and handling, alignment strategies and the data acquisition protocols.

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Mechanical breakdown of bent silicon nanowires imaged by coherent x-ray diffraction

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Partially coherent x-ray diffractive imaging of complex objects

Partially coherent x-ray diffractive imaging of complex objects

Bragg coherent diffraction imaging of iron diffusion into gold nanocrystals

Methods for operando coherent X-ray diffraction of battery materials at the Advanced Photon Source

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