Mechanical Characterization of Glued Laminated Beams Containing Selected Wood Species in the Tension Zone

Derkowski, Adam; Kuliński, Marcin; Trociński, Adrian; Kawalerczyk, Jakub; Mirski, Radosław

doi:10.3390/ma15186380

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In regards to different products, it can be seen that research into EWPs like GLT [78][79][80][81][82][83][84], CLT [85][86][87][88][89] and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) [90][91][92][93][94][95][96] has increased in the last decade. Ehrhart et al [79] carried out an extensive research into the required strength grading, possible production and resulting mechanical properties of GLT utilizing European beech wood.…”

Section: Selected Research Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utilization of European Beech Wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Europe

Pramreiter

Grabner

2023

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

European beech is one of the dominating wood species in central Europe and the most abundant hardwood species in Austrian, German and Swiss forests. Today, it is predominantly used for the provision of energy and in the furniture industry. With the increasing demand on forests to provide sustainable raw materials for energy as well as products, the importance of lesser-used wood species like European beech has continuously increased over the last decade. The application in load-bearing products has gained significant interest. In order to connect the current and historical state of knowledge about this wood species, this review provides an overview of the past and present utilization of European beech wood. On the basis of the historical literature, technical approvals and standards of established products, it aims to summarize the extensive state of the art of this wood species and provide an overview of recent scientific publications in the field of wood material science. Based on the reviewed literature, current research efforts deal with different engineered wood products like glued laminated timber, cross-laminated timber and laminated veneer lumber. Furthermore, strength grading, adhesive technology as well as improving dimensional stability is of particular interest.

show abstract

Section: Selected Research Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utilization of European Beech Wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Europe

Pramreiter

Grabner

2023

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Optimising the magnitude of these normal stresses can be achieved by combining wood species in the surface layers of the beam. In particular, the placement of lamellae from a wood species with higher strength, e.g., beech, on the tensile side of the beam results in an increase in bending strength of up to 70% compared to ordinary glulam, e.g., pine [22]. Positioning the less strong lamellae on the compression side of the beam and the stronger wood species on the lamellae subjected to tension can lead to the induction of deformations in the most compressed lamella beyond its elastic limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted and Experimental Bending Behaviour of Glulam Bonded by RPF Adhesive

Kytka,

Gašparík,

Sahula

et al. 2024

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, alder, spruce, and beech woods were used for homogeneous symmetric, inhomogeneous symmetric (combined) and inhomogeneous non-symmetric glued laminated timber (glulam) beams glued with resorcinol phenol formaldehyde (RPF) adhesive. The aim of this paper is to determine and compare the modulus of elasticity of glulam beams using three methods, i.e., analytical calculation, numerical model (FEM) and experimental testing. As an additional characteristic, the bending strength (MOR) of the beams was determined during experimental testing. Analytical calculation was used to calculate the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of glued laminated timber based on the knowledge of the modulus of elasticity of solid wood and to estimate the location of the neutral axis during bending. According to calculations, for symmetrical combinations, the deviation from the real neutral axis does not exceed 5%. In the case of the modulus of elasticity, the deviation is an average of 4.1% from that of the actual measured beams. The numerical model includes finite element modelling, where the deflection of the modelled beams can be calculated with a deviation of up to 10%. The last method was experimental testing of glued beams using four-point bending, in which, among homogeneous beams, beech glulam beams achieved the highest MOE and MOR, while alder glulam beams achieved the lowest. The combination of wood species resulted in an increase in both MOE and MOR compared to homogeneous spruce and alder beams.

show abstract

“…Due to the laminating process these materials are considered to be stronger than solid wood as a result of the lack of anatomical defects, great strength to weight ratio, availability in various dimensions, good strength characteristics and higher moisture resistance [4]. However, increasing performance demands and decreasing availability of high-quality timber resulted in the fact that research in this area is still progressing and concerns, e.g., reinforcement with steel rods [5][6][7], implementation of timber with lower strength classes [8][9][10], different species [11][12][13] and the effects of deteriorating factors [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Storage Conditions on the Strength Characteristic of Glulam Beams

Mirski

Kuliński

Kawalerczyk

et al. 2023

Forests

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite many outdoors applications, the number of works aimed to determine the effect of changing conditions on the properties of glulam beams, in particular those produced in non-standard arrangements, is few. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess changes in flexural strength properties (MOE, MOR) of the beams stored for 30 months in varying conditions. Analyzed variants of pine GLT beams included five-meter-long structural elements reinforced with oak timber, high-quality pine timber and steel rods stored both in the roofed shed outdoors and inside the climatic chamber. Moisture content of the beam varied significantly depending on the placement of the sensors (on the surface or inside the beam). The average modulus of elasticity after 30 months of storage decreased by approx. 7% compared to initial values. The results varied depending on both the assumed beam arrangement and the applied conditions.

show abstract

Mechanical Characterization of Glued Laminated Beams Containing Selected Wood Species in the Tension Zone

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

The Utilization of European Beech Wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Europe

The Utilization of European Beech Wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Europe

Predicted and Experimental Bending Behaviour of Glulam Bonded by RPF Adhesive

The Effect of Storage Conditions on the Strength Characteristic of Glulam Beams

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About