Menakar Keadilan Hukum Waris Islam Melalui Pendekatan Teks dan Konteks al-Nushûsh

Abstract

Measuring the Justice of Islamic Inheritance Law by Drawing upon the Text and Context of al-Nushûsh. Accusations against the Islamic inheritance distribution system are surfacing again. Several groups are finding fault with the 2:1 distribution for Islamic inheritors. They suggest this distribution method be converted into 1:1, like it is in the Western system of inheritance and like it is to some extent in Adat inheritance law. This study points out that theoretically Islamic inheritance law looks very clear, comprehensive and fair, from whatever angle you look at it. This takes into account, in a balanced way, the distributions that use the 2:1 approach for joint male and female heirs. The key to understanding this is inheritance has to be treated entirely as a sub-system of the family law system, and even has to be understood as an integral part of the whole Islamic legal system, which is sound and comprehensive.Keywords: justice, inheritance law, textual, al-nushûshAbstrak: Menakar Keadilan Hukum Waris Islam Melalui Pendekatan Teks dan Konteks al-Nushûsh. Gugatan mengenai sistem pembagian kewarisan Islam kembali muncul ke permukaan. Beberapa kalangan mempermasalahkan perimbangan waris Islam 2:1. Mereka menawarkan metode perimbangan ini menjadi 1:1, sebagaimana pada sistem hukum kewarisan Barat dan sebagian hukum kewarisan Adat. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa dari sisi mana pun hukum kewarisan Islam secara teoretik tampak sangat jelas, lengkap, dan adil. Termasuk dalam konteks perimbangan pembagiannya yang menggunakan pendekatan 2:1 untuk ahli waris laki-laki dan ahli waris perempuan. Kunci untuk memahaminya harus menempatkan posisi kewarisan sebagai sub sistem dari sistem hukum keluarga secara keseluruhan bahkan harus dipahami sebagai bagian integral dari keseluruhan sistem hukum Islam yang bersifat utuh dan menyeluruh.Kata Kunci: keadilan, hukum kewarisan, tekstual, al-nushûshDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.965

Islamic Inheritance

“…Fourth, brothers and sisters have no inheritance rights because both parents exist. Fifth, when a group of heirs consists of men and women, the male heirs receive multiples of the female portion (Suma, 2012).…”

Status of inheritance for heirs who take their own share: A case study in Mattoanging village

“…In addition, the recommendation is no less important, namely studying inheritance as a science of Islam. Inheritance is a third of knowledge in Islam that needs to be studied by Muslims of all walks of life (Suma, 2013). Likewise, James Norman Darymple (JND) Anderson admits that inheritance is very important to know as his argument that indeed, there is a famous dictum attributed to the Prophet that a knowledge of the shares allotted to the various heirs under this system constitutes the equivalent of one -half of all human knowledge.…”

Pembagian Harta Waris Sama Rata Anak Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan

“…Selain itu, warisan saudara perempuan harus setara dengan saudara laki-laki dan jatah cucu perempuan harus setara dengan jatah cucu laki-laki. (Suma, 2013) Usulan untuk merevisi pertimbangan warisan dari 2:1 menjadi 1:1 adalah konsep ideologis yang tampaknya lebih adil daripada rasio 2:1 saat ini. Kata-kata dalam ayat 11 dapat ditafsirkan bahwa bagian yang diberikan kepada seorang anak laki-laki setara dengan bagian yang diberikan kepada dua anak perempuan.…”