Metabolic activity in striate and extrastriate cortex in the hooded rat: Contralateral and ipsilateral eye input

Thurlow, G.A.; Cooper, R. M.

doi:10.1002/cne.902740408

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…A lower level of activity could account for the sharp fall-off of fluorescence towards Oc2L at the Ocl/Oc2L border that we observed. This would indicate that the cells in the secondary visual cortex are less active than the ones in the primary area, as has been found by Thurlow and Cooper (1988).…”

Section: Contralateral Visual Corticesmentioning

confidence: 53%

Fluoro-Gold tracing of zinc-containing afferent connections in the mouse visual cortices

1992

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To identify zinc-containing projections to the visual areas, we injected Fluoro-Gold into the occipital cortex of the mouse. Five days later, the mice underwent an intravital selenium-labeling procedure to demonstrate the somata of neurons that give rise to zinc-containing boutons. Numerous double-labeled cells were seen in the ipsi-and contralateral primary (layers II/III and VI), and secondary visual cortices (layers II/III and VI). A few double-labeled cells were apparent in other cortical areas concerned with visual processing: the orbital cortex (layers II and III), the posterior portion of the medial agranular frontal cortex (layer V/VI border), and the temporal cortex (layer VI). The cingulate, retrosplenial, perirhinal, and lateral entorhinal cortices had lamina projecting to the visual cortex and separate lamina harboring zinc-containing cells. A spatial segregation of fluorescent and zinc-containing neurons was also seen in the claustrum. This integration or segregation of projecting and zinc-containing neurons may reflect the function of the cortical areas. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function is antagonized by physiological concentrations of zinc in vitro. It is proposed that zinc-positive projections from areas that perform basic visual functions are less likely to be modified by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated processes than the zinc-negative connections from associational areas.

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Section: Contralateral Visual Corticesmentioning

confidence: 53%

Fluoro-Gold tracing of zinc-containing afferent connections in the mouse visual cortices

1992

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“…For instance, in rats and sheep, the direct ipsilateral input is conspicuously absent from a strip of tissue located at the lateral border of striate cortex. Indeed, this cortical regon appears as a distinct gap of sparse labeling when the ipsilateral subcortical pathway is explored either with intraocular tracer injections or with 2-deoxyglucose methods t Pettigrew et al, 1984;Thurlow and Cooper, 1988). The area occupied by this gap may be homologous in location and function to the TZ in cats, and the fact that it lacks direct ipsilateral input in rats and sheep may explain why in these species the callosum appears to be the only major route conveying input from the ipsilateral eye into the cortical region representing ipsilateral visual fields (Diao et al, 1983;Pettigrew et al, 1984).…”

Section: Callosal Linkagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-mirror-symmetric patterns of callosal linkages in areas 17 and 18 in cat visual cortex

Olavarría

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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In the cat, callosal connections in area 17 are largely confined to a 5-6-mm-wide strip at the 17/18 border. It is commonly thought that callosal fibers extending from between the 17/18 border regions interconnect loci that are mirror-symmetric with respect to the midline of the brain, but this idea has not been tested experimentally. The present study examined the organization of callosal linkages in the 17/18 border region of normal adult cats by analyzing the patterns of connections revealed in one hemisphere after small injections of different fluorescent tracers into the opposite 17/18 callosal region. The location of the injection sites within areas 17 and 18 was assessed by examining architectonic data and by inspecting the labeling pattern in the ipsilateral visual thalamus. Area 17 and 18 were separated by a 1-1.5-mm-wide zone of cytoarchitectonic transition rather than by a sharp border. The results show that, in general, callosal fibers interconnect loci that are not mirror-symmetric with respect to the midline. Thus, area 17 injections placed nearly 3 mm away from the 17/18 transition zone produced discrete labeled areas located preferentially within the contralateral 17/18 transition zone. However, when the injection site was within the 17/18 transition zone, labeled cells were found primarily medial and lateral to, but not within, the 17/18 transition zone in the contralateral hemisphere. Previous studies have indicated that the 17/18 transition zone contains a representation of a strip of the ipsilateral visual field. Comparison of the retinotopy of the 17/18 border region with the mirror-reversed pattern of callosal linkages found in the present study suggests that callosal fibers link points that are in retinotopic correspondence in both hemispheres.

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“…In all mammals, ocular dominance columns, i.e., the grouping of cells with similar eye preference into columns, develop in the visual cortex, particularly during the critical period, during which the columnar architecture is highly susceptible to alterations in visual input (Katz and Crowley 2002). Thurlow (Thurlow and Cooper 1988) demonstrated the existence of ocular dominance patches in the visual cortex of the adult rat. The present data suggest an interhemisperic interaction (inhibition) in the visual cortex during the binocular presentation of flashing light at high frequencies.…”

Section: Does Bold Fmri Reveal Binocular Inhibition?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Stimulus Frequency Dependence of Activity in the Rat Visual System as Studied With High-Resolution BOLD fMRI

Camp

Verhoye²,

Zeeuw³

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Van Camp, Nadja, Marleen Verhoye, Chris I. De Zeeuw, and Annemie Van der Linden. Light stimulus frequency dependence of activity in the rat visual system as studied with high-resolution BOLD fMRI. J Neurophysiol 95: 3164 -3170, 2006. First published January 4, 2006 doi:10.1152/jn.00400.2005. The neurophysiology of the rodent visual system has mainly been investigated by invasive and ex-vivo techniques providing fragmented data. This area of research has been deprived of functional MRI studies based on blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast, which allows a whole brain approach with a high spatial and temporal resolution. In the present study, we looked at the neurovascular response properties of the visual system of the pigmented rat, focusing on the visual cortex (VC), the superior colliculus (SC) and the flocculus-paraflocculus of the cerebellum (FL-PFL), using BOLD fMRI under domitor anesthesia. Visual stimulation was performed monocularly or binocularly while flashing light from a strobe unit was presented. For each structure, we assessed the flashing frequency that evoked the optimal BOLD response: Neither the VC nor the FL-PFL displayed frequency dependence during monocular visual stimulation, but were most sensitive to low frequencies (1-5 Hz) when flashing light was provided binocularly. The SC responded optimally to high flashing rates (8 -12 Hz) during both monocular and binocular stimulation. The signal intensity changes in the VC and FL-PFL were locked to the stimulation period, whereas the BOLD response in the SC showed a similar onset but a very slow recovery at offset. The VC and FL-PFL, but not the SC, showed signs of binocular competition. The observed correlation between frequency-dependent responses of different visual areas during binocular visual presentation suggests a functional relationship between the VC and FL-PFL rather than between the SC and FL-PFL. I N T R O D U C T I O NThe CNS of all vertebrates has three main visual pathways. These include the thalamofugal pathway, which is formed by the retinal projections to the primary visual cortex via the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and is involved in visual distinction of form and color as well as perception of visual motion (Hubel and Wiesel 1998); the tectofugal pathway, which is formed by a direct projection from retinal cells to the superior colliculus and is primarily involved in visual orientation and spatial attention (Wurtz and Goldberg 1972); and finally, the accessory optic system, which relays retinal slip signals for self-motion and gaze stabilization, either directly from the retina or indirectly via the visual cortex to the nuclei of the optic tract and visual tegmental relay zone, which in turn project to the inferior olive at which the climbing fiber input to the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum originate (Simpson et al. 1996). Current knowledge of the functional organization of the rodent visual system is fragmented and has been acquired exclusively through invasive or ex vivo techniques. Several s...

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Metabolic activity in striate and extrastriate cortex in the hooded rat: Contralateral and ipsilateral eye input

Cited by 35 publications

References 66 publications

Fluoro-Gold tracing of zinc-containing afferent connections in the mouse visual cortices

Fluoro-Gold tracing of zinc-containing afferent connections in the mouse visual cortices

Non-mirror-symmetric patterns of callosal linkages in areas 17 and 18 in cat visual cortex

Light Stimulus Frequency Dependence of Activity in the Rat Visual System as Studied With High-Resolution BOLD fMRI

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