Metabolic syndrome and dietary components are associated with coronary artery disease risk score in free-living adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is among the main causes of death in developed countries, and diet and lifestyle can influence CAD incidence.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of coronary artery disease risk score with dietary, anthropometric and biochemical components in adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program.Methods362 adults (96 men, 266 women, 53.9 ± 9.4 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria by presenting all the required data. The Framingham score was calculated and the IV Brazilian Guideline on Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis was adopted for classification of the CAD risks. Anthropometric assessments included waist circumference (WC), body fat and calculated BMI (kg/m2) and muscle-mass index (MMI kg/m2). Dietary intake was estimated through 24 h dietary recall. Fasting blood was used for biochemical analysis. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was diagnosed using NCEP-ATPIII (2001) criteria. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of CAD risks according to the altered components of MS, dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical components.ResultsFor a sample with a BMI 28.5 ± 5.0 kg/m2 the association with lower risk (<10% CAD) were lower age (<60 years old), and plasma values of uric acid. The presence of MS within low, intermediary, and high CAD risk categories was 30.8%, 55.5%, and 69.8%, respectively. The independent risk factors associated with CAD risk score was MS and uric acid, and the protective factors were recommended intake of saturated fat and fiber and muscle mass index.ConclusionRecommended intake of saturated fat and dietary fiber, together with proper muscle mass, are inversely associated with CAD risk score. On the other hand, the presence of MS and high plasma uric acid are associated with CAD risk score.

High C-reactive protein instead of metabolic syndrome is associated with lower bioimpedance phase angle in individuals clinically screened for a lifestyle modification program

“…MetS is closely related to increased body fat mass, visceral fat deposition, and insulin resistance, which constitute clinical conditions that require nutritional care. Additionally, MetS pathophysiology includes several comorbities such as inflammation, oxidative stress, pro-thrombotic, and pro-atherogenic processes [13][14][15][16].…”

Ocena parametrów lipidowych u pacjentów z rozpoznanym zespołem metabolicznym w zależności od ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego obliczonego według skali SCORE

“…Abundant evidence shows that MetS predicts the development of CVD [11][12][13]20]. Takahashi showed that individuals with MetS have a four-fold greater probability of high CAD risk score [3]. Also, the results of other studies indicate greater probability for an increase risk of CVD in people with MetS [21].…”

“…Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a significant cause of death in Europe and worldwide [1][2][3][4]. In Poland CVD caused 46.0% of all deaths in 2010 [5].…”

A variedade da dieta é fator protetor para a pressão arterial sistólica elevada

“…It was observed that hypertensive individuals showed higher plasma glucose, glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C levels, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases 30 . According to Schaan et al 39 , individuals with some degree of abnormal glucose homeostasis had a higher prevalence of hypertension.…”

“…This fact can also be explained by the low fiber consumption in both groups. It is known that individuals with high intake of dietary fiber may have significantly lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, infarction, hypertension, diabetes and obesity 29,30 .…”