Metal Fibers—Steel

Küster, Katalin; Barburski, Marcin; Lomov, Stepan V.; Vanclooster, Kristof

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102228-3.00010-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A continuous 316 L stainless steel fibre (SSF) bundle ( Figure 1 a) was obtained from NV Bekaert SA (Brussels, Belgium) [ 31 , 46 ]. The SSF was fabricated with a `bundle wire drawing’ manufacturing process, which resulted in a hexagonal fibre cross-section [ 47 , 48 ]. The fibre bundle had a diameter of approximately 0.15 mm and consisted of 90 fibres per bundle, each with a diameter of 14 μm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Performance of Continuous 316 Stainless Steel Fibre-Reinforced 3D-Printed PLA Composites

Clarke,

Dickson,

Dowling

2023

Polymers

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This study investigates the feasibility of 3D printing continuous stainless steel fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The printing study was carried out using 316L stainless steel fibre (SSF) bundles with an approximate diameter of 0.15 mm. This bundle was composed of 90 fibres with a 14 μm diameter. This fibre bundle was first coated with polylactic acid (PLA) in order to produce a polymer-coated continuous stainless steel filament, with diameters tailored in the range from 0.5 to 0.9 mm. These filaments were then used to print composite parts using the material extrusion (MEX) technique. The SSF’s volume fraction (Vf) was controlled in the printed composite structures in the range from 4 to 30 Vf%. This was facilitated by incorporating a novel polymer pressure vent into the printer nozzle, which allowed the removal of excess polymer. This thus enabled the control of the metal fibre content within the printed composites as the print layer height was varied in the range from 0.22 to 0.48 mm. It was demonstrated that a lower layer height yielded a more homogeneous distribution of steel fibres within the PLA polymer matrix. The PLA-SSF composites were assessed to evaluate their mechanical performance, volume fraction, morphology and porosity. Composite porosities in the range of 2–21% were obtained. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the stainless steel composites exhibited a twofold increase in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and a fourfold increase in its tensile strength compared with the PLA-only polymer prints. When comparing the 4 and 30 Vf% composites, the latter exhibited a significant increase in both the tensile strength and modulus. The ILSS values obtained for the steel composites were up to 28.5 MPa, which is significantly higher than the approximately 13.8 MPa reported for glass fibre-reinforced PLA composites.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Performance of Continuous 316 Stainless Steel Fibre-Reinforced 3D-Printed PLA Composites

Clarke,

Dickson,

Dowling

2023

Polymers

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“…Lubricants are used for dry wire drawing, but they are removed from the surface of a fiber before any coating operation. One of the notable applications of steel fibers includes its usage as a tire bead, in which case the wire is brass plated [ 14 , 15 ]. Brass plating on the surface of steel fiber increases the bond strength between the steel fiber and the rubber compound of a tire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Anticorrosive Surface Treatment of Steel Reinforcement Fibers on the Properties of Ultra-High Performance Cement Composite

Bocian¹,

Novotný²,

Šoukal³

et al. 2022

Materials

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The influence on the bond between the steel fiber and the matrix of the anticorrosive treatments of steel used for concrete reinforcement is not yet fully understood. The topic of steel fiber treatment was not also studied clearly in terms of brass removal before. This paper deals with how the brass on the surface of steel fibers behaves in the UHPC matrix and how it affects its properties. The steel fibers were firstly modified with a number of surface treatments to remove brass on their surface. Some of the treatments have never been tried before for this purpose. Secondly, the surface of the fibers was analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRF, and stereomicroscopy. Lastly, the properties of the composites were analyzed. It was found out that the majority of brass on the surface of the fibers could be removed by mixture of NH3 and H2O2 with a ratio of 3:1 (v/v). It was also found out that the surface treatment slightly affects the mechanical properties, but it does that only by mechanical interlocking between the fiber and the matrix. No dissolution of the surface treatment was observed under the given conditions. According to the results, steel fibers without surface treatment should be used in UHPC if available.

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“…Metal fibers have gained enormous attention in the research community and industry [ 1 ]. Compared with glass and carbon fibers, which offer good mechanical properties and low weight, metal fibers have high thermal corrosion resistance at high temperatures and high electrical and thermal conductivity [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bundle drawing process can produce metal fibers several kilometers in length. However, this process is only economically feasible to manufacture metal fibers with diameters less than 50 µm [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microstructure Formation of a Protective Oxide-Scale Layer on Small-Diameter FeCrAl Fibers

Alazemi

Ibrahim

2022

Materials

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FeCrAl fibers, at high temperatures, form a protective oxide-scale layer dominated by aluminum oxide on the surface to prevent further oxidation of the base metal alloy. This study investigates the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure formation of the oxide-scale layer on small-diameter FeCrAl fibers, 12 and 17 µm, produced using a bundle drawing process. The morphology examination and chemical analyses of the small-diameter fibers exhibit the microstructure and chemical compositions of the surface and cross-section areas, revealing a distinctive interface layer with a high aluminum concentration between the base metal and the oxide-scale layer. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis results show that the 12 µm fibers have about a 60% higher oxidation rate than the 17 µm fibers—caused by the high outward diffusion of aluminum to the surface of the fibers due to their high surface-area-to-weight ratio. Consequently, the high growth rate of the nonuniform oxide-scale layer and the limited aluminum reservoir of the 12 and 17 µm diameter fibers lead to faster depletion of aluminum from the base metal alloy—limiting the lifetime and durability of the smaller-diameter fibers in high-temperature applications.

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Metal Fibers—Steel

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Fabrication and Performance of Continuous 316 Stainless Steel Fibre-Reinforced 3D-Printed PLA Composites

Fabrication and Performance of Continuous 316 Stainless Steel Fibre-Reinforced 3D-Printed PLA Composites

Influence of Anticorrosive Surface Treatment of Steel Reinforcement Fibers on the Properties of Ultra-High Performance Cement Composite

The Microstructure Formation of a Protective Oxide-Scale Layer on Small-Diameter FeCrAl Fibers

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