Meteosat Third Generation (MTG): Continuation and Innovation of Observations from Geostationary Orbit

Holmlund, Kenneth; Grandell, J.; Schmetz, Johannes; Stuhlmann, R.; Bojkov, Bojan; Munro, Rosemary; Lekouara, Mounir; Coppens, Dorothée; Viticchiè, B.; August, Thomas; Théodore, B.; Watts, P. D.; Dobber, Marcel; Fowler, Gary; Bojinski, Stephan; Schmid, A.; Salonen, Kirsti; Tjemkes, Stephen; Aminou, Donny; Blythe, Paul

doi:10.1175/bams-d-19-0304.1

Cited by 92 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…2.2.1) could be further improved by including the far-infrared coverage provided by future instruments, e.g., FORUM and TICFIRE. While a limited number of samples are available when applying synergistic retrieval, instruments in geostationary orbit such as IRS (Infrared Spectrometer) and GIIRS (Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder) (Schmit et al, 2009;Holmlund et al, 2021) could greatly increase collocation with other spaceborne active sensors over convective regions. Such an approach may also enhance our understanding of convective impacts by providing timecontinuous observations (Li et al, 2018) in future research.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation-experiment-based assessment of retrievals of above-cloud temperature and water vapor using a hyperspectral infrared sounder

Feng

Huang

2021

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Measuring atmospheric conditions above convective storms using spaceborne instruments is challenging. The operational retrieval framework of current hyperspectral infrared sounders adopts a cloud-clearing scheme that is unreliable in overcast conditions. To overcome this issue, previous studies have developed an optimal estimation method that retrieves the temperature and humidity above high thick clouds by assuming a slab of cloud. In this study, we find that variations in the effective radius and density of cloud ice near the tops of convective clouds lead to non-negligible spectral uncertainties in simulated infrared radiance spectra. These uncertainties cannot be fully eliminated by the slab-cloud assumption. To address this problem, a synergistic retrieval method is developed here. This method retrieves temperature, water vapor, and cloud properties simultaneously by incorporating observations from active sensors in synergy with infrared radiance spectra. A simulation experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of different retrieval strategies using synthetic radiance data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and cloud data from CloudSat/CALIPSO. In this experiment, we simulate infrared radiance spectra from convective storms through a combination of a numerical weather prediction model and a radiative transfer model. The simulation experiment shows that the synergistic method is advantageous, as it shows high retrieval sensitivity to the temperature and ice water content near the cloud top. The synergistic method more than halves the root-mean-square errors in temperature and column integrated water vapor compared to prior knowledge based on the climatology. It can also improve the quantification of the ice water content and effective radius compared to prior knowledge based on retrievals from active sensors. Our results suggest that existing infrared hyperspectral sounders can detect the spatial distributions of temperature and humidity anomalies above convective storms.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation-experiment-based assessment of retrievals of above-cloud temperature and water vapor using a hyperspectral infrared sounder

Feng

Huang

2021

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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“…For other parts of the world, our approach would still be feasible if coarser FC estimates can be performed from polar orbiting satellites or other sources. Within the next couple of years, the Meteosat Third Generation satellites will be equipped with a 1 km spatial resolution fire detection and characterization capability every ten minutes over Europe, Africa and parts of South America [61], which will substantially improve the ability to characterize fires and track single-fire events, e.g., for derivation of fire behavior parameters such as discussed here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Byram’s Fire Intensity and Rate of Spread from Spaceborne Remote Sensing Data in a Savanna Landscape

Ruecker¹,

Leimbach²,

Tiemann³

2021

Fire

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Fire behavior is well described by a fire’s direction, rate of spread, and its energy release rate. Fire intensity as defined by Byram (1959) is the most commonly used term describing fire behavior in the wildfire community. It is, however, difficult to observe from space. Here, we assess fire spread and fire radiative power using infrared sensors with different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions. The sensors used offer either high spatial resolution (Sentinel-2) for fire detection, but a low temporal resolution, moderate spatial resolution and daily observations (VIIRS), and high temporal resolution with low spatial resolution and fire radiative power retrievals (Meteosat SEVIRI). We extracted fire fronts from Sentinel-2 (using the shortwave infrared bands) and use the available fire products for S-NPP VIIRS and Meteosat SEVIRI. Rate of spread was analyzed by measuring the displacement of fire fronts between the mid-morning Sentinel-2 overpasses and the early afternoon VIIRS overpasses. We retrieved FRP from 15-min Meteosat SEVIRI observations and estimated total fire radiative energy release over the observed fire fronts. This was then converted to total fuel consumption, and, by making use of Sentinel-2-derived burned area, to fuel consumption per unit area. Using rate of spread and fuel consumption per unit area, Byram’s fire intensity could be derived. We tested this approach on a small number of fires in a frequently burning West African savanna landscape. Comparison to field experiments in the area showed similar numbers between field observations and remote-sensing-derived estimates. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first direct estimate of Byram’s fire intensity from spaceborne remote sensing data. Shortcomings of the presented approach, foundations of an error budget, and potential further development, also considering upcoming sensor systems, are discussed.

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“…The value of these new type of high temporal observations to improve the quality of atmospheric wind profiles and the forecast of track and intensity of tropical cyclones has been recently demonstrated [9][10][11][12][13][14]. EUMETSAT is planning to launch the IRS onboard the MTG-S satellite towards the end of 2023 [15][16][17][18][19]. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is planning to include a HyIRS instrument as part of the discussions of the follow-on program for the operational geostationary satellites Himawari-8 and -9, which are scheduled to operate around 2029 [6].…”

Section: Examples Of Such Instruments Are the National Aeronautics Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of a Future NOAA Infrared Sounder in Geostationary Earth Orbit

Iturbide-Sanchez

Wang

Kalluri

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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A geostationary (GEO) hyperspectral infrared sounder (HyIRS) is capable of providing high spectral (0.625 cm -1 ), temporal (every 30 minutes) and spatial (4 km) resolution observations over the continental U.S. (CONUS). Frequent observations from a GEO-HyIRS at high spatial resolution are expected to contribute to the generation of three-dimensional structures of atmospheric temperature and humidity, and wind. These new observations will provide valuable information for timely forecasts of severe storms over the CONUS and the overall Western Hemisphere. Infrared (IR) sounder observations from a geostationary orbit open a new set of possibilities, including the capability of monitoring the diurnal cycle of atmospheric patterns, which is difficult from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) IR sounders and the capability of timely and accurate retrievals of several trace gases. In this paper, the feasibility of adding a HyIRS into the next generation of U.S. geostationary environmental satellites is studied. The configuration of a notional U.S. GEO-HyIRS sensor and its ground data processing system are discussed. A hyperspectral IR data simulator is developed and reported as part of this engineering study, where proxy data is used to model the end-to-end ground processing system. Various considerations for the configuration and the calibration and validation of the instrument are addressed.

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Meteosat Third Generation (MTG): Continuation and Innovation of Observations from Geostationary Orbit

Abstract: Capsule SummaryEUMETSAT will deploy its next generation geostationary satellite system, Meteosat Third Generation in the coming years. This article gives an overview of the instruments and capabilities of the new system.

Cited by 92 publications

References 45 publications

A simulation-experiment-based assessment of retrievals of above-cloud temperature and water vapor using a hyperspectral infrared sounder

A simulation-experiment-based assessment of retrievals of above-cloud temperature and water vapor using a hyperspectral infrared sounder

Estimation of Byram’s Fire Intensity and Rate of Spread from Spaceborne Remote Sensing Data in a Savanna Landscape

Exploration of a Future NOAA Infrared Sounder in Geostationary Earth Orbit

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