Méthodes d'équivalence et compensation du dommage environnemental

Abstract

International audienc

Valuation of the environmental benefits induced by a constructed wetland

“…The complicated relationships within ecosystems is difficult to meaningfully explain to the general public, which is necessary for these methods to value what they are supposed to be estimating. These limits have led to the development of alternative, nonmonetary, valuation methods that further mobilize ecological data, such as the Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA), which is used in the framework of resource damage assessments (Dunford et al 2004;Bas et al 2013). HEA is a method for quantifying natural resource service losses and calculating the scale of compensatory restoration required to offset those service losses.…”

The biodiversity offsets as market-based instruments in global governance: Origins, success and controversies

“…In these publications, risks related to the use of biodiversity offsetting, defined in a broad way, in encompassing all kinds of compensations are identified and the authors propose some recommendations. This first criticism is based on six ideas: 1-the lack of monitoring of biodiversity projects and underreporting on biodiversity offsets projects which failed (Bernhardt et al, 2007;Hobbs, 2009;Tischew et al, 2010), 2 -the difficulties to assess the biodiversity offsets projects (Robertson, 2006, Maron et al, 2012bPalmer and Filoso, 2009;Zedler and Callaway, 1999;Hilderbrand et al, 2005;Bendor, 2009;Benayas et al, 2009;Quigley and Harper, 2006;Suding, 2011), 3 -the difficulty to replace the same thing that is to say that there are some problems of simplification of metrics to make them fungible and means they end up not being accurate (Tordjman and Boisvert, 2012;Hilderbrand et al, 2005;Maron et al, 2012b;Bas et al, 2013), 4 -biodiversity offset allows stakeholders to focus only on compensation rather than on avoidance and minimization (Clare et al, 2011, Hough andRobertson, 2009), 5 -there are some governance problems because some reports show that biodiversity offsets have weakened the existing legislation (Chabran and Napoléone, 2012;Walker et al, 2009;Robertson, 2004), and 6 -displaces biodiversity away from people and local communities (BenDor et al, 2008, Hillman and Instone, 2010, Hannis and Sullivan, 2012.…”

Dossier : La fabrique de la compensation écologique : controverses et pratiques – L’économie néo-institutionnelle comme cadre de recherche pour questionner l’efficacité de la compensation écologique

“…Évidemment, choisir une forme d'équivalence plutôt qu'une autre n'a pas les mêmes conséquences sur les formes de coordination (investissements à réaliser, suivi de l'efficacité, etc.) et n'exprime pas les mêmes finalités (plus ou moins anthropocentrées, par exemple) (Bas et al, 2013 ;Calvet et al, 2015 ;Jacob et al, 2016 ;Levrel et al, 2012). Le contrôle de l'équivalence écologique est aussi complété par d'autres mécanismes de coordination.…”