Methodological Problems in Determining Fetal Loss Rates: Relevance to Chorionic Villi Sampling

Simpson, J. L.; Mills, James L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70707-0_50

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Thus, case control studies inevitably yield spurious positive associations, a phenomenon called recall biases. Other biases exist as well [4]. Studies conducted prospectively with respect to fetal outcome should mitigate this bias.…”

Section: Teratogenic Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between congenital anomalies and contraception

1985

Adv Contracept

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Section: Teratogenic Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between congenital anomalies and contraception

1985

Adv Contracept

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“…The clinically recognized pregnancy loss rate is accepted to be around 10-15% [49]. Although assessing abortion rates requires attention to many confounding variables, it remains noteworthy that crude loss rates of 15% or less were observed in the NFP populations studied by Marshall (14.8%) [50], Guerrero and Rojas (7.8%) [51], World Health Organization (9.8%) [52], Roetzer (8.3%) [53], and France et al (7.0%) [54].…”

Section: Aging Gametes In Humans: Circumstantial Evidence Relatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, frequency of spontaneous abortions, noted to be an indirect indicator of chromosomal abnormalities, is affected by smoking, alcohol, prior history of pregnancy losses, maternal age and many other factors [49]. Comparisons can be misleading if such important variables are not taken into account.…”

Section: Rationale For the University Of Tennessee/johns Hopkins Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy outcome associated with natural family planning (NFP): scientific basis and experimental design for an international cohort study

et al. 1988

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Although natural family planning (NFP) is a form of contraception without ostensible maternal risks (other than pregnancy), potential fetal risks could exist if aging gametes are involved in inadvertent fertilization. In the following report, we first review animal studies firmly establishing that aging sperm and aging oocytes (delayed fertilization) cause chromosomal abnormalities in mammals and other species. We next review human studies associating decreased coital frequency with trisomy and studies of NFP populations that generally show no increased frequency of anomalous offspring or spontaneous abortions. Our rationale for initiating an international cohort study is presented, along with the experimental design selected. Preliminary findings indicate that the experimental design chosen will indeed provide information allowing NFP safety to be assessed definitively.

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“…Elevations in the serum or urine ß-human chorionic gonadotropin level are found in women who never even recognize that they are pregnant.13 Once pregnancy is recog¬ nized clinically, 12% to 15% are aborted. 4 Although the signs and symptoms of fetal loss usually become evident eight to 15 weeks after the last menstrual period,5 the actual time of fetal demise has not been determined. Moreover, it seems to have been assumed that fe¬ tuses aborted at eight to 15 weeks of gestation were normal until just before clinical signs were manifested.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low Fetal Loss Rates After Ultrasound-Proved Viability in Early Pregnancy

Simpson

Mills

Holmes³

et al. 1987

JAMA

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Once pregnancy is recognized clinically, it is accepted that 12% to 15% undergo spontaneous abortion. However, the actual time of fetal demise has not yet been determined. To address this question, the outcomes of pregnancies identified before 21 days of conception by serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin assays were studied. All subjects underwent ultrasound examinations at eight and 12 weeks' gestation. Among 220 women who had a viable pregnancy at eight weeks, only seven (3.2%) experienced a fetal loss thereafter. The results of this study suggest that most clinically recognized spontaneous abortions manifested after eight weeks actually represent pregnancies in which fetal demise occurred before eight weeks. These findings have important implications with respect to the safety of chorionic villi sampling and to the identification of exogenous agents that cause fetal wastage.

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Methodological Problems in Determining Fetal Loss Rates: Relevance to Chorionic Villi Sampling

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Relationship between congenital anomalies and contraception

Relationship between congenital anomalies and contraception

Pregnancy outcome associated with natural family planning (NFP): scientific basis and experimental design for an international cohort study

Low Fetal Loss Rates After Ultrasound-Proved Viability in Early Pregnancy

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