Microbial degradation of toluene

Abstract

Zephirus environment is polluted by the toluene from profuse range industries. In spite of positive potential application, toluene results in many mishaps especially health hazards; hence amputation of toluene is crucial for human welfare as well as environmental issues. This review deals with destruction of toluene using microbial degradation. The overall aerobic biodegradation of toluene into carbon dioxide, water and biomass by bacteria, fungi and mixed culture has been studied comprehensively. Biodegradation technique has a promising prospective for the reason that it results in effective and economical treatment than traditional techniques. The amputation of toluene contributes to an assortment of various techniques utilized at various levels of investigation which are characterized based on quantification techniques. A comparison of the removal capacity based on continuous and batch mode of operations was studied proficiently. This methodology opens up a window for future exploration in field of biodegradation of toluene.

Airborne toluene removal for minimizing occupational health exposure by means of a trickle-bed biofilter

“…Waste air streams containing toluene are traditionally treated by means of several physical-chemical and thermal processes, such as adsorption, condensation, incineration, thermo-catalytic oxidation, chemical and photochemical oxidation (Gopinath and Dhanasekar 2012;Estrada et al 2012;Mancini et al 2013;Innocenti et al 2014). In recent years biological processes such as biotrickling and biofiltration have proved a promising perspective due to their low-cost and energy-efficiency; above all, they proved to be very effective in treating several industrial air streams.…”

“…The most known applications of these processes are in the field of odour removal from exhaust air of composting plant, as well as of wastewater treatment plant and solid waste treatment plant (Kennes and Veiga 2010;Copelli et al 2012;Torretta et al 2013;Rada et al 2014). The importance of these biological processes has been recently emphasized because of their proved ability to treat waste air streams with low concentrations of hardly degradable contaminants (Mathur et al 2007;Christofoletti et al 2010;Gopinath et al 2012;Li et al 2013;Basu et al 2015;Copelli et al 2015;Gopinath et al 2015;Torretta et al 2015a, b).…”