Microstructure beneath screen-printed silver contacts and its correlation to metallization-induced recombination parameters

Herrmann, David; Fell, Andreas; Lohmüller, Sabrina; Mikolasch, Gabriele; Schmiga, Christian; Aßmus, W.; Glunz, Stefan W.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111182

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Although the industry will continue to rely on p-type wafers as the base material in the near future, there are manufacturers already today that are moving to n-type wafer-based concepts [5]. Regardless of which base material is used, most solar cells use an emitter of the other polarity on the front side covered by a passivation and antireflection layer [6,7]. For industrially manufactured electrodes, different metal pastes are deposited by screen printing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for contact formation of novel TeO₂ containing Pb-free silver paste on n⁺ and p⁺ doped crystalline silicon

et al. 2023

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Silver (Ag) pastes are widely used in the global market for most solar cell architectures. Thereby, lead (Pb) is no longer wanted in productions for environmental reasons. In this work, a model for the contact formation between Pb-free, tellurium oxide (TeO2) containing screen-printable Ag pastes and silicon is presented. It is shown that Te plays a key role in this model. Te is not only an important part in etching the surface passivation layers with TeO2 dissolving the dielectric layer but also for a formation of the contacts with Te forming a compound consisting of Ag2Te. Using EDX mapping, local contact regions can be examined and interpreted for contact formation. The used paste system enables far more flexible paste mixturing leading to a novel developed commercial paste which is on a par with other pastes used in industry concerning the resulting contact properties. This is also demonstrated in this work by the very low contact resistivity of less than 1 mΩcm2 over a wide range of firing peak temperatures. It is additionally shown that good resistivities can be achieved on both n+- and p+-doped regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for contact formation of novel TeO₂ containing Pb-free silver paste on n⁺ and p⁺ doped crystalline silicon

et al. 2023

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Scalable Photochromic Film for Solar Heat and Daylight Management

Meng,

Kragt,

Gao

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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The adaptive control of sunlight through photochromic smart windows could have a huge impact on the energy efficiency and daylight comfort in buildings. However, the fabrication of inorganic nanoparticle and polymer composite photochromic films with a high contrast ratio and high transparency/low haze remains a challenge. Here, a solution method is presented for the in situ growth of copper‐doped tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in polymethyl methacrylate, which allows a low‐cost preparation of photochromic films with a high luminous transparency (luminous transmittance Tlum = 91%) and scalability (30 × 350 cm2). High modulation of visible light (ΔTlum = 73%) and solar heat (modulation of solar transmittance ΔTsol = 73%, modulation of solar heat gain coefficient ΔSHGC = 0.5) of the film improves the indoor daylight comfort and energy efficiency. Simulation results show that low‐e windows with the photochromic film applied can greatly enhance the energy efficiency and daylight comfort. This photochromic film presents an attractive strategy for achieving more energy‐efficient buildings and carbon neutrality to combat global climate change.

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Influence of backside surface morphology on passivation and contact characteristics of TOPCON solar cells

Guo

Jia

et al. 2023

Solar Energy

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Microstructure beneath screen-printed silver contacts and its correlation to metallization-induced recombination parameters

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Model for contact formation of novel TeO₂ containing Pb-free silver paste on n⁺ and p⁺ doped crystalline silicon

Model for contact formation of novel TeO₂ containing Pb-free silver paste on n⁺ and p⁺ doped crystalline silicon

Scalable Photochromic Film for Solar Heat and Daylight Management

Influence of backside surface morphology on passivation and contact characteristics of TOPCON solar cells

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Microstructure beneath screen-printed silver contacts and its correlation to metallization-induced recombination parameters

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Model for contact formation of novel TeO2 containing Pb-free silver paste on n+ and p+ doped crystalline silicon

Model for contact formation of novel TeO2 containing Pb-free silver paste on n+ and p+ doped crystalline silicon

Scalable Photochromic Film for Solar Heat and Daylight Management

Influence of backside surface morphology on passivation and contact characteristics of TOPCON solar cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Model for contact formation of novel TeO₂ containing Pb-free silver paste on n⁺ and p⁺ doped crystalline silicon

Model for contact formation of novel TeO₂ containing Pb-free silver paste on n⁺ and p⁺ doped crystalline silicon