Military Occupation as Carceral Society: Prisons, Checkpoints, and Walls in the Israeli-Palestinian Struggle

Bornstein, Avram

doi:10.3167/sa.2008.520207

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Beyond harsh implications for the occupied society, prolonged occupation usually comes with heavy material costs for the occupying society, as well as unfavorable consequences for its collective identity (Bar-Tal & Schnell, 2013b;Bornstein, 2008;Rosler et al, 2009). Previous studies suggested that societies tend to morally disengage from their past or currently unacceptable wrongdoing (Bandura, 1999;Coman et al, 2014) thus minimizing its perceived negative consequences (Leidner et al, 2010) and reducing moral emotions (Lickel et al, 2011;Wohl & Branscombe, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Prolonged Occupation as Barriers to Conflict Resolution

Rosler

Sharvit

Bar‐Tal

2017

Political Psychology

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The goal of this research was to examine whether a denial of a prolonged occupation by the occupying society constitutes a meaningful sociopsychological barrier to resolving the conflict peacefully. We hypothesized that this perception will be associated with objections both to conflict resolution processes and to specific compromises intended to end the occupation. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the association between denial of the occupation and compromises will be partially mediated by denial of its costs, low levels of moral emotions, and closure to new information about the conflict. Taking the prolonged Israeli occupation as our case study, we used three nationwide representative polls of Jewish Israelis to test our hypotheses. The studies supported our hypotheses, pointing to the distinct role that the perception of prolonged occupation by the occupying society plays in peacefully ending this situation, and the psychological mechanisms underlying occupation denial as a barrier to conflict resolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Prolonged Occupation as Barriers to Conflict Resolution

Rosler

Sharvit

Bar‐Tal

2017

Political Psychology

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“…In doing so, it provides us with unique insight into a centerpiece of the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict, which remains grossly understudied due to issues of identification. In the West Bank, it is almost impossible to distinguish one facet of control from others; as a result, existing studies of checkpoints have been unsystematic and incomplete (Brown ; Bornstein ; Kotef and Amir ; Naaman ), with econometric reports going so far as to claim that “the losses of internal closures are difficult to measure” (Aranki , 28) or that “quantifying the economic impact of current restrictions is difficult given the paucity of data” (World Bank , 1)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Checkpoint Effect? Evidence from a Natural Experiment on Travel Restrictions in the West Bank

Longo

Canetti

Hite‐Rubin

2014

American J Political Sci

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Does nonviolent repression prompt subject groups to obey or rebel? By what mechanism does it do so? To address these questions, we exploit a natural experiment based on a 2009 policy toward the "easement" of checkpoints-nonviolent impediments to movement-in the West Bank. We sample populations across 17 villages (n = 599), beside one checkpoint slated for easement (treatment) and one that will undergo no change (control), before and after the intervention. We then pursue difference-in-difference estimation. This design is experimental, as easement was orthogonal to Palestinian attitudes; for robustness, we test our findings against an independent panel (n = 1,200). We find that easement makes subject populations less likely to support violence; we suggest humiliation as the mechanism bridging nonviolent repression with militancy. This warrants rethinking Israeli security policy, as short-term concerns over Palestinian mobility may be compromising Israel's long-term interests. By extension, checkpoint easement may positively affect peace negotiations.The checkpoints prevented hundreds of terrorist attacks against the Israeli population.-Israeli Ministry of Justice 1 I don't know how many terrorists decided to take up arms against Israel when they were standing in the sun for hours at checkpoints.-Peace Now 2

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“…Yet, we cannot ignore the possibility that any changes as a result of military occupations are often met with resistance, including guerrilla warfare, along with significant resistance from the general population by disobeying laws and restrictions put into place by the occupier (Bazargan, ). For example, in the first Palestinian Intifada, resistance by the people included the boycott of Israeli goods, refusal to pay taxes, the closing of shops, and resignations from government jobs (Bornstein, ).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Military Occupation on Growth

Vishwasrao¹,

Schneider²,

Chiang³

2018

Kyklos

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Summary A substantial literature exists on the effects of military expenditures on economic growth, yet no study has analyzed the effects of military occupation other than in anecdotal cases. This paper uses a panel of 214 countries from 1950 to 2013 to study how economic growth is impacted by different forms of military occupation. Transformative occupations aim to establish institutions to promote stability once the occupation ends, while subdual occupations are more malevolent in their objectives. Our results show that transformative occupations produce positive growth in occupied countries after the occupation period concludes. Separating these effects into the short run and long run, we find that while countries subject to a subdual occupation experience a short‐run increase in growth at the end of the occupation, countries with transformative occupation experience long‐run increases in growth. These findings are robust to the inclusion of traditional drivers of growth. Policy implications suggest that regional conflicts that are solved using military intervention may have lasting effects on growth as long as the intentions of the occupying force are transformative in nature.

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Military Occupation as Carceral Society: Prisons, Checkpoints, and Walls in the Israeli-Palestinian Struggle

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Perceptions of Prolonged Occupation as Barriers to Conflict Resolution

Perceptions of Prolonged Occupation as Barriers to Conflict Resolution

A Checkpoint Effect? Evidence from a Natural Experiment on Travel Restrictions in the West Bank

The Effects of Military Occupation on Growth

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