Miniature ion sources for analytical instruments

Clampitt, R.; Jefferies, D. K.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(78)90961-8

Cited by 135 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…• C) make Galinstan a better substitute for mercury in many liquid-metal applications, e.g., electromechanical relays [3], coolants [4], and ion sources [5]. In microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), Galinstan has already been used [6], [7] or is in line to replace mercury [8], [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Nontoxic Liquid-Metal Alloy Galinstan for Applications in Microdevices

Liu

Sen

Kim

2012

J. Microelectromech. Syst.

631

444

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Abstract-We have obtained interfacial properties of Galinstan, a nontoxic liquid-metal alloy, to help replace mercury in miniature devices. To prevent formation of an oxide skin that severely hinders the fluidic behavior of small Galinstan droplets and leads to inaccurate property data, we performed our experiments in a nitrogen-filled glove box. It was found that only if never exposed to oxygen levels above 1 part per million (ppm) would Galinstan droplets behave like a liquid. Two key properties were then investigated: contact angles and surface tension. Advancing and receding contact angles of Galinstan were measured from sessile droplets on various materials: for example, 146.8• and 121.5• , respectively, on glass. Surface tension was measured by the pendant-drop method to be 534.6 ± 10.7 mN/m. All the measurements were done in nitrogen at 28• C with oxygen and moisture levels below 0.5 ppm. To help design droplet-based microfluidic devices, we tested the response of Galinstan to electrowetting-on-dielectric actuation.[2011-0124]

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Nontoxic Liquid-Metal Alloy Galinstan for Applications in Microdevices

Liu

Sen

Kim

2012

J. Microelectromech. Syst.

631

444

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“…The possibility of applying a field emission ion source to produce a focused ion beam was first demonstrated in the early 1970's by Levi-Setti et al [Escovitz, 1975a,b, Levi-Setti, 1974 and by Orloff and Swanson [Orloff, 1975, 1978. Both these groups used a gas field ionization source of the sort invented by Muller in 1951[Muller, 1951, 1957 and which has been widely used for surface studies in the field ion microscope (FIM).…”

Section: Gas Field Ionization Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resolution Focused Ion Beams: FIB and its Applications

Orloff

Utlaut

Swanson³

2003

290

220

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“…However, the substitution of Mercury with this new material has been limited to very few applications such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [2][3], ion sources [4] and coolants [5]. The main reason is the facile oxidation of galinstan in air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of new gas sensors based on oxidized galinstan

et al. 2015

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For the first time, we have fabricated and tested conductometric sensors based on oxidized liquid galinstan towards NO 2 and NH 3 gases at low operating temperatures. Galinstan based films on silicon substrates have been studied with two different loadings. Surface morphology of the films was investigated by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The sensor with higher galinstan loading showed a better sensitivity, which can be attributed to a higher surface area, as confirmed by SEM. At 100°C, a detection limit as low as 1 and 20 ppm was measured for NO 2 and NH 3 , respectively.

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Miniature ion sources for analytical instruments

Cited by 135 publications

References 6 publications

Characterization of Nontoxic Liquid-Metal Alloy Galinstan for Applications in Microdevices

Characterization of Nontoxic Liquid-Metal Alloy Galinstan for Applications in Microdevices

High Resolution Focused Ion Beams: FIB and its Applications

Development of new gas sensors based on oxidized galinstan

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