Miniaturized Low-Voltage Power Converters With Fast Dynamic Response

Giuliano, David; D'Asaro, Matthew E.; Zwart, Jacob; Perreault, David J.

doi:10.1109/jestpe.2014.2331671

Cited by 36 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The input current of four-phase buck units (i Buck ) is clamped by the inductor current, while the current going through switchedcapacitor units (i SC ) is determined by the RLC filter and has ringing. This issue commonly exists in merged-two-stage designs [35], [36].…”

Section: B Virtual Intermediate Bus Parasiticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

Baek

Elasser

Radhakrishnan

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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This paper presents a 48 V-1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor converter with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for ultra-high-current microprocessors, featuring 3-D stacked packaging and coupled inductors for miniaturized size, fast speed, and vertical power delivery. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched-capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. It leverages the advantages of switched-capacitor circuits and multiphase buck circuits to achieve soft charging, current sharing, and voltage balancing. The inductors of the multiphase buck converters are used as current sources to soft-charge and soft-switch the switchedcapacitor circuits, and the switched-capacitor circuits are utilized to ensure current sharing among the multiphase buck circuits. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at an output voltage of 1 V with liquid cooling is built and tested. The switched capacitor circuits operate at 286 kHz and the buck circuits operate at 1 MHz. It regulates output voltage between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A current range. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V-1 V CPU voltage regulator to achieve over 1 A/mm 2 current density and the first to achieve 1,000 W/in 3 power density.

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Section: B Virtual Intermediate Bus Parasiticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

Baek

Elasser

Radhakrishnan

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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show abstract

“…The input current of four-phase buck units (i Buck ) is clamped by the inductor current, while the current going through switched-capacitor units (i SC ) is determined by the RLC filter and has ringing. This issue commonly exists in merged-two-stage designs [33], [34]. L par contributes to filtering and larger values are beneficial, but layouts that deliberately increase L par often increase resistance and require extra space.…”

Section: B Virtual Intermediate Bus Parasiticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

Chen¹

2021

Preprint

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<div>This paper presents a 48 V–1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor converter with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for ultra-high-current microprocessors, featuring 3-D stacked packaging and coupled inductors for miniaturized size and vertical power delivery. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. It leverages the advantages of switched capacitor circuits and multiphase buck circuits to achieve soft charging, current sharing, and voltage balancing. The inductors of the multiphase buck converters are used as current sources to soft-charge and soft-switch the switched-capacitor circuits, and the switched-capacitor circuits are utilized to ensure current sharing among the multiphase buck circuits. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at an output voltage of 1 V with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V–1 V CPU voltage regulator to achieve over 1 A/mm2 current density and the first to achieve 1,000 W/in3 power density. It regulates output voltage between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A current range.</div>

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“…In the merged isolation stage, the combination of the switched capacitor circuits and the MISO transformer (the hybrid switched-capacitor/magnetics circuit structure [1]) creates both soft-switching and soft-charging opportunities [28]- [31] for the switched-capacitor switches . As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Switched Capacitor and Isolation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Multitrack Power Factor Correction Architecture

Chen

Chakraborty

Perreault

2019

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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Single-phase universal-input ac-dc converters are needed in a wide range of applications. This paper presents a novel power factor correction (PFC) architecture that can achieve high power density and high efficiency for grid-interface power electronics. The proposed Multitrack PFC architecture is a new development of the Multitrack concept. It reduces the internal device voltage stress of the power converter subsystems, allowing PFC circuits to maintain zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) at high frequency (1 MHz-4 MHz) across universal input voltage range (85 VAC-265 VAC). The high performance of the power converter is enabled by delivering power in multiple stacked voltage domains and reconfiguring the power processing paths depending on the input voltage. This Multitrack concept can be used together with many other design techniques for PFC systems to create mutual advantages in many function blocks. A prototype 150 W, universal ac input, 12 VDC output, isolated Multitrack PFC system with a power density of 50 W/in 3 and a peak end-to-end efficiency of 92% has been built and tested to verify the effectiveness of the Multitrack PFC architecture.

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Miniaturized Low-Voltage Power Converters With Fast Dynamic Response

Cited by 36 publications

References 44 publications

Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

Multitrack Power Factor Correction Architecture

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