Mobilitas Sosial Penduduk Berbasis Industri Pariwisata Dalam Meningkatkan Status Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kota Gunung Sitoli, Nias Propinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Pertumbuhan Kunjungan wisatawan ke Kabupaten Nias beberapa tahun belakangan menggambarkan peningkatan aktifitas sosialekonomi masyarakat Nias di bidang pariwisata. Peningkatan aktifitas sosial-ekonomi ini menjadi salah satu faktor pemicu mobilitas sosial penduduk dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Nias. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan jawaban apakah mobilitas penduduk Nias melalui aktifitas yang berbasis industri pariwisata dapat meningkatkan status sosialekonomi masyarakatnya; serta bagaimana mobilitas sosial penduduk Nias dalam meningkatkan status sosial-ekonomi yang berbasis pariwisata. Landasan teori dalam penelitian ini adalah mobilitas sosial yang diimplementasikan oleh sebagian anggota masyarakat yang telah memiliki tingkat daya terima (aksesibilitas) yang tinggi. Bekerjanya mobilitas sosial dan aksesibilitas tersebut dapat meningkatkan status sosial ekonomi para anggota masyarakat melalui aktifitas sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian gabungan yang merupakan kombinasi metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penarikan sampel dilakukan secara acak (sampling of random) dengan analisis data menggunakan teknik distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan mobilitas sosial penduduk dengan beberapa jenis pergerakan sosial, diantara pergerakan tersebut yaitu mobilitas sosial horizontal, mobilitas sosial vertical naik, mobilitas vertikal turun, mobilitas sosial antar generasi, dan mobilitas sosial intra generasi yang berdampak pada tingkat aksesibilitas para anggota masyarakatnya.
 
 The growth of tourist visits to Nias Regency in recent years illustrates the increase in the socio-economic activities of Nias people in the tourism sector. This increase in socio-economic activities is one of the factors that trigger the social mobility of the population in improving the welfare of Nias people. This study aimed to find answers to whether the mobility of Nias residents through activities based on the tourism industry could improve the socio-economic status of their communities; and how the social mobility of Nias residents improved tourism-based socio-economic status. The basis of the theory in this study was the social mobility implemented by some members of the community who had high levels of acceptance (accessibility). The operation of social mobility and accessibility can improve the socio-economic status of community members through social activities. This research used a combined research method which was a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Sampling was done randomly (sampling of random) by analyzing the data using frequency distribution techniques. The results explained the social mobility of the population with several types of social movements, which were horizontal social mobility, vertical upward social mobility, downward vertical mobility, intergenerational social mobility, and intra-generation social mobility having impacts on the accessibility of members of the community.

Tourism Industry and Women’s Employment Mobility in the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Mandalika Kuta Lombok

“…The existence of the tourism industry in the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Mandalika Kuta Lombok is very helpful to the local community in terms of employment. This result is supported by research conducted by Sismudjito et al, (2018) found that the development of the tourism industry can provide new employment and livelihood opportunities for the community who were previously unaware of the tourism industry. The tourism industry can provide new knowledge about employment, which is not only focused on agriculture and can help the community's economy and can increase income to meet family needs.…”

Social Policy in the Implementation of Concurrent Government Affairs in the Nias Archipelago Area, Indonesia

“…Nias Regency has the potential for natural/special interest, cultural/historical, and agro tourism objects, which are spread across the SOZIONA tourism economic area (Somi-Bozihona-Onolimbu-Nalawo) (Lase et al, 2018); Nias Selatan Regency has the leading sectors of agriculture, forestry and fisheries (Fau, 2018); tourism (Puspita, 2019); contributions and potential local taxes and fees are in the moderate category (Waoma, 2017); Nias Utara Regency has superior potential in the agricultural, forestry and economic sectors so that it contributes to the development of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) by 52.25% (2020-2022) (I lmiha, 2023); Nias Barat Regency has several potential tourist attractions, such as Pantai Sirombu (Sirombu B each), Pulau Asu (Asu Island), Pantai Gu'u (Gu'u Beach), Pantai Fari'i (Fari'i Beach), Pantai Ture (Ture B each), Pantai Fadaya (Fadaya Beach), Pantai Valaete (Valaete Beach), Pulau Bawa (Bawa Island ), Bale, Bu kit Hermon (Hermon Hill), Rumah Adat (Traditional Houses), and Batu Megalit (Megalithic Stones) in Lahomi Village, Lolozirugi Village, and Sisarahili Village (Liyushiana, 2019). Meanwhile, Gunungsitoli City has several potentials including the tourism sector (Sismudjito et al, 2018); and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) spread across 6 sub-districts, namely Gunungsitoli District (5,821), Gunungsitoli Selatan District (612), Gunungsitoli Utara District (844), Gunungsitoli Barat District (240), Gunungsitoli Idanoi District (914), and Gunungsitoli Alo'oa District (291) bringing a total of 8,722 business actors (Putra et al, 2018). Some of these potentials are important to be mapped through the Geographic Information System (GIS) (Maskun et al, 2021) or through the development of growth centers and their supporting areas in regional development in Nias Regency (G ulo, 2015).…”