Modal Sosial Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Dalam Mitigasi Bencana

Abstract

Some time ago, a natural disaster landslide occurred in the area of indigenous peoples Sukabumi who not only cause loss of material but immaterial. As we know, that Sirnaresmi Village is one of the traditional villages of Banten Kidul has a history a Sunda community. Indigenous peoples have the wisdom of Sirnaresmi Village with respect to forest management to preserve nature and their traditional advice that requires every family has leuit (granary). This study will focus on the understanding of social capital Sirnaresmi Village in disaster management based on local wisdom which has been run by the local community. This research used the qualitative approach with case studies method to look at how the planting concept of social capital based on local wisdom to every community as a form of public education in disaster mitigation. The results of this study indicate that the education of local wisdom in Sirnaresmi Village emphasize their forest management which divides it into several categories, namely, leuweung kolot, leuweung titipan, and leuweung sampalan which became a major element in the concept of local knowledge into social capital of trust and local customs that must be run. In addition, the close fraternal values of indigenous people considered as social capital in the form of a social network are not only the community but the entire Sirnaresmi Village only indigenous people of Banten Kidul.
 
 Beberapa waktu lalu, bencana alam longsor terjadi di kawasan masyarakat adat Sukabumi yang tidak hanya menimbulkan kerugian material tetapi immaterial. Seperti kita ketahui, bahwa Desa Sirnaresmi merupakan salah satu desa adat Banten Kidul yang memiliki nilai sejarah berdirinya tanah Sunda. Masyarakat adat Desa Sirnaresmi memiliki kearifan lokal berkenaan dengan pengelolaan hutan untuk menjaga kelestarian alam dan adanya petuah adat yang mengharuskan setiap keluarga memiliki leuit (lumbung padi). Penelitian ini akan difokuskan kepada pemahaman modal sosial masyarakat Desa Sirnaresmi dalam melakukan mitigasi bencana didasarkan pada kearifan lokal yang sudah dijalankan oleh masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus untuk melihat bagaimana penanaman konsep modal sosial berbasis kearifan lokal kepada setiap masyarakat sebagai bentuk edukasi masyarakat dalam mitigasi bencana. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa edukasi kearifan lokal di Desa Sirnaresmi lebih menekankan adanya pengelolaan hutan yang membagi menjadi beberapa kategori yaitu, leuweung kolot, leuweung titipan, dan leuweung sampalan yang menjadi elemen utama dalam konsep kearifan lokal yang menjadi modal sosial berupa kepercayaan dan norma setempat yang wajib dijalankan. Selain itu, eratnya nilai persaudaraan masyarakat adat dianggap sebagai modal sosial berupa jaringan sosial tidak hanya masyarakat Desa Sirnaresmi saja tetapi seluruh masyarakat adat Banten Kidul.

Urgensi Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencana Alam melalui Kearifan Lokal pada Guru PAUD

“…Pendidikan serta pengenalan mitigasi bencana terhadap generasi muda merupakan hal penting, hal tersebut disebabkan oleh resiko yang tinggi terhadap anak-anak yang terpapak efek bencana alam (Pratama, Yusuf, & Hendra, 2022). Selanjutnya masyarakat harus memiliki keterampilan dalam mitigasi bencana, guna meminimalisir terjadinya bencana (Nurbayani & Utami, 2019). Beberapa penelitian terdahulu seperti: "Upaya peningkatan pengetahuan siswa tentang pentingnya mitigasi bencana di Desa Hutamonu, Kec.…”

“…Mitigasi bencana dilakukan pada saat sebelum terjadi bencana. Konsep mitigasi bencana dilakukan dengan cara bagaimana mengedukasi masyarakat agar mampu memahami masalah bencana di lingkungannya dan berpartisipasi aktif dalam program mitigasi bencana yang telah direncanakan (Nurbayani & Utami, 2019). Berdasarkan penjelasan diketahui bahwa memperatahankan lingkungan budaya kearifan lokal bukan hal yang mudah sebab dalam mempertahankan kebiasaan masyarakat di zaman yang mengglobal bukanlah tugas yang mudah pula oleh para pendidik PAUD.…”

Community-Based Disaster Mitigation: Knowledge and Social Capital in Reducing the Impact of Disaster

“…Regulations are still not socialized to the public, such as the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Semarang City, which has the task of assisting the Mayor in implementing regional autonomy in the field of disaster management as regulated in the Regional Regulation of the City of Semarang The mean score of the network dimension of social capital is 23.7, conducted through various ways carried out by the community to deal with disasters through several community networks, various activities to be safe and be able to meet future needs in various elements of life. Each region or region is undoubtedly different in these efforts because it depends on the locality of the region or region so that the ability of the local community that has existed for generations is called local wisdom (16). If carried out before a disaster occurs by recognizing potential threats and disaster vulnerabilities followed by disaster preparedness at the community level, disaster risk reduction efforts through community networks will play a significant role in reducing victims and other risks when a disaster occurs.…”

Religion and Local Wisdom as Social Capital to Facing Recession Due to Pandemic

“…The power of social capital can enable the community and the competent authorities to plan awareness and preparedness actions against disasters by building relationships and networks based on beliefs and norms that live in local communities. And all this can lead to action initiatives that thereby increase efficiency in reducing the impact of disasters (Hidayati 2018;Siti Nurbayani and Lingga Utami 2019;Tohani and Wibawa 2019;Windiani, Fahmi, and Muhibbin 2019;Wulandari, Muryani, and Karyanto 2019). Increased awareness and preparedness for potential disasters make social capital, in the end, also able to speed up the recovery process if a disaster does occur.…”