Model studies of the interannual variability of the northern-hemisphere stratospheric winter circulation: The role of the quasi-biennial oscillation

Gray, Lesley J.; DRYSDALE, EF; DUNKERTON, TJ; Lawrence, B. N.

doi:10.1256/smsqj.57415

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The stratospheric ozone in the NH in winter increases during EQBO phases (Figure a,c) but decreases during WQBO phases (Figure b,d). These results are consistent with previous studies (Randel and Wu, ; Gray et al ., ; ; Butchart et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Lu et al ., , ; Lee et al ., ; White et al ., ). In the NH, the influences of the EQBO and WQBO on the stratosphere are similar to those of El Niño and La Niña (Figures and ), respectively.…”

Section: Independent and Joint Influences Of Ep Enso And Qbo On Stratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent and joint influences of eastern Pacific El Niño–southern oscillation and quasi‐biennial oscillation on Northern Hemispheric stratospheric ozone

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Using ozone observations, reanalysis data, and climate model simulations, this study investigates in detail the independent and joint influences of the eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on stratospheric ozone in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during winter. Statistically, the stratospheric ozone in the NH in winter increases during El Niño events but decreases during La Niña events. Stratospheric ozone increases in the east wind phases of the QBO (EQBO) and decreases in the west wind phases of the QBO (WQBO). The stratospheric ozone anomalies in the middle and high latitudes caused by ENSO activities are clearly larger than those related to the QBO phase. Since the phases of wave-1 and wave-2 planetary waves anomalies related to ENSO activities are broadly similar to those of QBO phases, the joint effect of ENSO and QBO on stratospheric ozone is approximately equal to the linear superposition of their independent impacts. This means that during EQBO phases, the stratospheric ozone anomalies are increased during El Niño events but reduced during La Niña events, and vice versa during WQBO phases. Numerical sensitivity experiments are performed to further investigate the independent and joint influences of EP ENSO and QBO on stratospheric ozone in the NH during winter. The results from simulations agree well with the results from statistical analysis. K E Y W O R D S eastern Pacific El Niño-southern oscillation, independent and joint influences, quasi-biennial oscillation, stratospheric ozone 1 | INTRODUCTION Ozone protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet radiation (e.g., Lubin and Jensen, 1995; Chipperfield et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2018). It has recently been found to significantly influence tropospheric climate change. For instance, many studies have pointed out that Antarctic ozone depletion has substantial influence on Southern Hemispheric climate change (

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Section: Independent and Joint Influences Of Ep Enso And Qbo On Stratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent and joint influences of eastern Pacific El Niño–southern oscillation and quasi‐biennial oscillation on Northern Hemispheric stratospheric ozone

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Therefore, more wave breaking occurs along the polar vortex during QBOE than during QBOW in early winter (Lu et al ., 2020). The Holton–Tan effect is found in reanalysis data (Holton and Tan, 1980; 1982; Dunkerton and Baldwin, 1991; Gray et al ., 2001b; Lu et al ., 2008; Naoe and Shibata, 2010; Yamashita et al ., 2011; Anstey and Shepherd, 2014; Lu et al ., 2014; White et al ., 2015; Lu et al ., 2020) and in idealized model simulations (Gray et al ., 2001a; Gray et al ., 2003; Naito and Yoden, 2006; Yamashita et al ., 2011; Garfinkel et al ., 2012; Rao et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Holton–Tan effect by longitude

Elsbury

Peings

Magnúsdóttir

2021

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The teleconnection between the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and the boreal winter polar vortex, the Holton-Tan effect, is analyzed in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with a focus on how stationary wave propagation varies by QBO phase. These signals are difficult to isolate in reanalyses because of large internal variability in short observational records, especially when decomposing the data by QBO phase. A 1,500-year ensemble is leveraged by defining the QBO index at five different isobars between 10 and 70 hPa. The Holton-Tan effect is a robust part of the atmospheric response to the QBO in WACCM with warming of the polar stratosphere during easterly QBO (QBOE). A nudging technique is used to reduce polar stratospheric variability in one simulation. This enables isolation of the impact of the QBO on the atmosphere in the absence of a polar stratospheric response to the QBO: referred to as the "direct effect" and the polar stratospheric response, "indirect effect." This simulation reveals that the polar stratospheric warming during QBOE pushes the tropospheric jet equatorward, opposing the poleward shift of the jet by the QBOE, especially over the North Pacific. The Holton-Tan effect varies over longitude. The QBO induces stronger planetary wave forcing to the mean flow in the extratropical lower stratosphere between Indonesia and Alaska. The North Pacific polar stratosphere responds to this before other longitudes. What follows is a shift in the position of the polar vortex toward Eurasia (North America) during easterly (westerly) QBO. This initiates downstream planetary wave responses over North America, the North Atlantic, and Siberia. This spatiotemporal evolution is found in transient simulations in which QBO nudging is "switched on." The North Pacific lower stratosphere seems more intrinsically linked to the QBO while other longitudes appear more dependent on the mutual interaction between the QBO and polar stratosphere.

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“…The QBO was first detected in the 1960s, and its behavior and effects were widely investigated (e.g., Angell & Korshover, ; Anstey et al, ; Anstey & Shepherd, ; Baldwin et al, ; Coy et al, ; Gray et al, ; Holton & Tan, , ; Naujokat, ; Pascoe et al, ). The QBO is characterized by an averaged period of ~28 months, where the phase of the QBO is slowly propagating downward from the upper to lower stratosphere and usually defined by the direction of the zonal wind at the 50‐ or 30‐hPa pressure level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Changes in the Northern Midwinter Middle Atmosphere in Relation to the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation

Gabriel

2019

JGR Atmospheres

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Long‐term changes in the middle atmosphere due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are examined in relation to the effect of the equatorial Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on the northern midwinter circulation. The examinations are based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulations for 1979–2100 with the Earth‐System‐Model MPI‐ESM‐MR that generates the QBO internally. In particular, the three‐dimensional residual circulation is used as proxy for the Brewer‐Dobson circulation, revealing an increasing downwelling in the center of the polar low over Northern Europe/Siberia (~5% per decade). The changes in northern midwinter temperature, zonal wind, and residual circulation are much stronger during westerly (QBO‐W) than easterly (QBO‐E) phase of QBO (e.g., for a moderate increase in greenhouse gases, we find maximum decreases in the zonal mean westerly jet at 60°N and 3 hPa of about −14.8 ± 5.4 m/s for QBO‐W but only −4.7 ± 5.2 m/s for QBO‐E). This is due to a change of the extratropical QBO‐W signature toward QBO‐E signature while the equatorial QBO remains nearly unchanged (i.e., a change toward disappearance of the so‐called Holton‐Tan relationship). Similar to the current change from QBO‐W to QBO‐E signature, the changes during QBO‐W include an increase in amplitude and eastward shift in phase of stratospheric stationary Wave 1 at the cost of Wave 2, with decreasing westerlies over North America and increasing downwelling over Siberia. The eastward shift in phase of stationary Wave 1 is related to the associated increase in meridional transport of planetary vorticity.

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Model studies of the interannual variability of the northern-hemisphere stratospheric winter circulation: The role of the quasi-biennial oscillation

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Independent and joint influences of eastern Pacific El Niño–southern oscillation and quasi‐biennial oscillation on Northern Hemispheric stratospheric ozone

Independent and joint influences of eastern Pacific El Niño–southern oscillation and quasi‐biennial oscillation on Northern Hemispheric stratospheric ozone

Variation in the Holton–Tan effect by longitude

Long‐Term Changes in the Northern Midwinter Middle Atmosphere in Relation to the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation

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