Independent and joint influences of eastern <scp>Pacific El Niño</scp>–southern oscillation and quasi‐biennial oscillation on <scp>Northern Hemispheric</scp> stratospheric ozone

Xie, Fei; Zhang, Jiankai; Li, Xiaoting; Li, Juan; Wang, Tao; Xu, Mian

doi:10.1002/joc.6519

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(190 reference statements)

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“…Naoe et al, (2017) , Zhang et al, (2021)). Indeed, Xie et al, (2020) showed linear interactions between the QBO and EP El Niño signals, and its interactions in the extratropics during El Niño events were evaluated in Calvo et al, (2009). In our study, we have eliminated its influence performing a multiple linear regression analysis.…”

Section: Figure 3 October To March Composite Evolution Of Ozone Mixin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving mechanisms for the ENSO impact on stratospheric ozone

Benito-Barca

Calvo²,

Ábalos³

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. While the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the stratospheric circulation has been long recognized, its effects on stratospheric ozone have been less investigated. In particular, the impact on ozone of different ENSO flavors, Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño, as well as the driving mechanisms for the ozone variations have not been investigated to date. This study aims to explore these open questions by examining the anomalies in advective transport, mixing and chemistry associated with different El Niño flavors (EP and CP) and La Niña in the Northern Hemisphere in boreal winter. For this purpose, we use four 60-year ensemble members of the Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model version 4. The results show a significant ENSO signal on total column ozone (TCO) during EP El Niño and La Niña events. During EP El Niño events, TCO is significantly reduced in the tropics and enhanced at middle and high latitudes in boreal winter. The opposite response has been found during La Niña. Interestingly, CP El Niño has no significant impact on extratropical TCO while its signal in the tropics is weaker than for EP El Niño events. The analysis of mechanisms reveals that advection through changes in tropical upwelling is the main driver for ozone variations in the lower tropical stratosphere, with a contribution of chemical processes above 30 hPa. At middle and high latitudes, stratospheric ozone variations related to ENSO result from combined changes in advection by residual circulation downwelling and changes in horizontal mixing linked to Rossby wave breaking and polar vortex anomalies. The impact of CP El Niño on the shallow branch of the residual circulation is small, and no significant impact is found on the deep branch.

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Section: Figure 3 October To March Composite Evolution Of Ozone Mixin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving mechanisms for the ENSO impact on stratospheric ozone

Benito-Barca

Calvo²,

Ábalos³

2022

Preprint

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“…Figure 1 suggests that the time series of HCl anomalies is mainly characterized by interannual variability, which may be caused by factors with interannual variations; e.g., the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), and Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW). SSW, El Niño, and the east phase of the QBO (EQBO) generally correspond to strong tropospheric wave activity and a weaker polar vortex, while La Niña and the west phase of the QBO (WQBO) correspond to weaker tropospheric wave activity and a stronger polar vortex (Taguchi and Hartmann, 2006;Wei et al, 2007;Garfinkel and Hartmann, 2008;Calvo and Garcia, 2009;Chen and Wei, 2009;Xie et al, 2012Xie et al, , 2020Richter et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015). In addition, warming of the North Pacific SST (SST NP ) is also associated with weak tropospheric wave activity and a stronger polar vortex (Hurwitz et al (2011)).…”

Section: R1 (Control Run)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Stratospheric HCl in the Northern Hemisphere Been Increasing Since 2005?

2020

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Stratospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) is the main stratospheric reservoir of chlorine, deriving from the decomposition of chlorine-containing source gases. Its trend has been used as a metric of ozone depletion or recovery. Using the latest satellite observations, it is found that the significant increase of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric HCl during 2010–2011 can mislead the trend of HCl in recent decades. In agreement with previous studies, HCl increased from 2005 to 2011; however, when the large increase of stratospheric HCl during 2010–2011 is removed, the increasing linear trend from 2005 to 2011 becomes weak and insignificant. In addition, the linear trend of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric HCl from 2005 to 2016 is also weak and insignificant. The significant increase of HCl during 2010–2011 is attributed to a strong northern polar vortex and a weakened residual circulation, which slowed down the transport of HCl between the low-mid latitudes and the high latitudes, leading to an accumulation of HCl in the middle latitudes of the stratosphere. In addition, a weakened residual circulation leads to enhance conversion of chlorine-containing source gases of different lifetimes to HCl, thus increasing the levels of HCl. Simulations by both chemistry transport and chemistry-climate models support the result. It is further found that the joint effect of a La Niña event, the west phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation and positive anomalies of sea surface temperature in the North Pacific is responsible for the strong northern polar vortex and a weakened residual circulation.

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“…Therefore, processes like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), which have important influences on the interannual variations in the stratospheric circulations, affect the stratospheric ozone significantly (e.g. Lee et al, 2010;Xie et al, 2014;Lu et al, 2019;Xie et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influences of QBO, which are the dominant mode of interannual variability in the equatorial stratosphere (Baldwin et al, 2001), on ozone have been investigated by lots of studies (e.g. Randel and Wu, 1996;Lu et al, 2019;Xie et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2021). QBO appears as alternating easterly and westerly winds that propagate down from the top (∼ 50 km) to the bottom (∼ 16 km) of the stratosphere, with a period of about 28 months (Baldwin et al, 2001;Anstey and Shepherd, 2014;Coy et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonally asymmetric influences of the quasi-biennial oscillation on stratospheric ozone

et al. 2022

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Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), as the dominant mode in the equatorial stratosphere, modulates the dynamical circulation and the distribution of trace gases in the stratosphere. While the zonal mean QBO signals in stratospheric ozone have been relatively well documented, the zonal (longitudinal) differences in the QBO ozone signals have been less studied. Using satellite-based total column ozone (TCO) data from 1979 to 2020, zonal mean ozone data from 1984 to 2020, three-dimensional (3-D) ozone data from 2002 to 2020, and ERA5 reanalysis and model simulations from 1979 to 2020, we demonstrate that the influences of the QBO (using a QBO index at 20 hPa) on stratospheric ozone are zonally asymmetric. The global distribution of stratospheric ozone varies significantly during different QBO phases. During QBO westerly (QBOW) phases, the TCO and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high in the tropics, while in the subtropics they are anomalously low over most of the areas, especially during the winter–spring of the respective hemisphere. This confirms the results from previous studies. In the polar region, the TCO and stratospheric ozone (50–10 hPa) anomalies are seasonally dependent and zonally asymmetric. During boreal winter (December–February, DJF), positive anomalies of the TCO and stratospheric ozone are evident during QBOW over the regions from North America to the North Atlantic (120∘ W–30∘ E), while significant negative anomalies exist over other longitudes in the Arctic. In boreal autumn (September–November, SON), the TCO and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high from Greenland to Eurasia (60∘ W–120∘ E) but anomalously low in other regions over the Arctic. Weak positive TCO and stratospheric ozone anomalies exist over the South America sector (90∘ W–30∘ E) of the Antarctic, while negative anomalies of the TCO and stratospheric ozone are seen in other longitudes. The consistent features of TCO and stratospheric ozone anomalies indicate that the QBO signals in TCO are mainly determined by the stratospheric ozone variations. Analysis of meteorological conditions indicates that the QBO ozone perturbations are mainly caused by dynamical transport and also influenced by chemical reactions associated with the corresponding temperature changes. QBO affects the geopotential height and the polar vortex and subsequently the transport of ozone-rich air from lower latitudes to the polar region, which therefore influences the ozone concentrations over the polar region. The geopotential height anomalies associated with QBO (QBOW–QBOE) are zonally asymmetric with clear wave number 1 features, which indicates that QBO influences the polar vortex and stratospheric ozone mainly by modifying the wave number 1 activities.

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Independent and joint influences of eastern Pacific El Niño–southern oscillation and quasi‐biennial oscillation on Northern Hemispheric stratospheric ozone

Cited by 21 publications

References 117 publications

Driving mechanisms for the ENSO impact on stratospheric ozone

Driving mechanisms for the ENSO impact on stratospheric ozone

Has Stratospheric HCl in the Northern Hemisphere Been Increasing Since 2005?

Zonally asymmetric influences of the quasi-biennial oscillation on stratospheric ozone

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