Modeling Particulate Matter (PM10) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia - A View Point of Health Impact

Habeebullah, Turki M.

doi:10.7763/jocet.2014.v2.122

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…More recent studies published have examined filters collected in three urban centers in Saudi Arabia and analyzed via X-ray fluorescence (XRF; Khodeir et al, 2012;Rushdi et al, 2013;Shaltout et al, 2013) and examined soluble aerosols deposited by dry deposition in Bahrain via ion chromotography (IC;Ali-Mohamed and Ali, 2001). While it is known that air quality parameters are measured by individual agencies throughout the region (e.g., Habeebullah, 2014a), such data and important metadata are not generally available to the scientific community. While these studies have provided us with some information on the high PM 10 levels at isolated urban Arabian Peninsula receptors, there has yet to be a study of any site that could be considered regionally representative and the use of single technologies for chemical analyses in past studies has limited the possible conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the relative fine and coarse mode aerosol loadings and properties in the Southern Arabian Gulf region

Kaku

Reid²,

Reid³

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Research

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The aerosol chemistry environment of the Arabian Gulf region is extraordinarily complex, with high concentrations of dust aerosols from surrounding deserts mixed with anthropogenic aerosols originating from a large petrochemical industry and pockets of highly urbanized areas. Despite the high levels of aerosols experienced by this region, little research has been done to explore the chemical composition of both the anthropogenic and mineral dust portion of the aerosol burden. The intensive portion of the United Arab Emirates Unified Aerosol Experiment (UAE 2), conducted during August and September 2004 was designed in part to resolve the aerosol chemistry through the use of multiple size-segregated aerosol samplers. The coarse mode mass (derived by subtracting the PM 2.5 aerosol mass from the PM 10 mass) is largely dust at 76% ± 7% of the total coarse mode mass, but is significantly impacted by anthropogenic pollution, primarily sulfate and nitrate. The PM 2.5 aerosol mass also contains a large dust burden, at 38% ± 26%, but the anthropogenic component dominates. The total aerosol burden has significant impact not only on the atmosphere, but also the local population, as the air quality levels for both the PM 10 and PM 2.5 aerosol masses reached unhealthy levels for 24% of the days sampled.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the relative fine and coarse mode aerosol loadings and properties in the Southern Arabian Gulf region

Kaku

Reid²,

Reid³

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Research

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“…Particle shape and size are critical factors controlling the extent to which particles can penetrate into the respiratory tract, how and where particles are deposited, and at what rate particles are cleared form respiratory tract (Hassan 2006). Air-Q 2.2.3 model had been currently identified as a new methodology which had found its application in provision of quantitative data on the impact of particulate matter exposure on the health of people (Shakour et al 2011;Habeebullah 2014). Further research works are required on this new methodology to increase the number of cases of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases that can be handled per year by this model for each concentration range of particulate matter and heavy metals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals: a critical review

Popoola

Adebanjo

Adeoye

2017

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper gives detailed comprehensive review of atmospheric assessment of particulate matter and heavy metals. Previous research works executed on this subject matter in the past four decades were adequately scrutinized. Various equipments for assessing atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals were presented. Mathematical modeling equations for source apportionment and characterization, deposition rate prediction and health risk characterization of PM 10 were also presented. However, the following conclusions were made: (1) there is need for improvement on the mathematical models by reducing the number of assumptions made in developing them. (2) Comparative analysis of concentrations of heavy metals in the atmosphere under the same environment for different methodologies should be executed for accuracy purposes. (3) Cost implication of assessing, monitoring and controlling these unfriendly substances should be examined, and hence, involvement of cost engineers may be of immense help. (4) Further research works should be done on Air-Q 2.2.3 model currently identified as a new methodology for provision of quantitative data on the impact of particulate matter exposure on the health of people. (5) Compliance monitoring networks should be designed to ease data collection for the observables, locations and time periods that allowed receptor models to be applied. (6) There is need for much more research works that enable optimal control and regulation of emission of heavy metals into the atmosphere in order to reduce health effects of these inhalable substances.

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“…The air quality study of Holy Makkah: Some researchers focused on the air quality assessment inside Holy Makkah during the Hajj season, such as Hajj (2005) [46][47], Hajj 2012 [48][49], and Hajj 2019-2020 [50]. Some others have studied one or more pollutants for a relatively long time, such as [51], where the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) sampling was performed from February 26, 2014 -January 27, 2015, in four cycles/seasons.…”

Section: The Studied Area Of the Holy Mosquementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and environmental safety study of the holy mosque area using CFD

Mohamed¹

2023

Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction

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A CFD model was developed, covering a square area of 3.64 km2 and comprising the Holy Mosque near its center, the actual terrain, and the main buildings surrounding the Mosque. The gust wind effects on the existing cranes, the comfort of the pedestrians, and the air quality were studied for the first time in this Holy area. The air quality in this study was related to calm speed and creating a fertile environment for spreading infectious diseases. The study revealed that wind comfort levels are achieved in nearly all selected locations. Also, the wind speeds are generally low in the area. However, gusting wind currents appeared from limited directions, causing more wind loads on cranes. It is recommended to finalize some cranes' work shortly in specific locations or change their places, lower the crane boom at rest, and stop working on windy days. The air quality in some locations may be considered relatively poor. New tall buildings surrounding the Holy Mosque from the North and the East are not recommended except after studying their impacts on the air quality. Pruning North and/or East Mounts can remarkably improve natural ventilation. Large-scale fans are a solution after detailed study and simulation.

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Modeling Particulate Matter (PM10) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia - A View Point of Health Impact

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Investigation of the relative fine and coarse mode aerosol loadings and properties in the Southern Arabian Gulf region

Investigation of the relative fine and coarse mode aerosol loadings and properties in the Southern Arabian Gulf region

Assessment of atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metals: a critical review

Structural and environmental safety study of the holy mosque area using CFD

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