Modelling and physico-chemical constraints to the 4.5 ka Agnano-Monte Spina Plinian eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy)

Romano, Claudia; Vona, Alessandro; Campagnola, Silvia; Giordano, Guido; Arienzo, Ilenia; Isaia, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119301

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…However, a clear paradox has been identified where low-viscosity magmas have been implicated in several major explosive eruptions (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Particularly enigmatic are the geologically recent Plinian and sub-Plinian eruptions of "lowviscosity" magmas such as the Masaya volcanic system, Nicaragua (20); Tarawera 1886, New Zealand (17); Sunset Crater, USA (21); Tofua, Tonga (22); Pantelleria and Phlegrean Fields (23,24); and Tambora 1815, Indonesia (25). Perhaps, more worrying are unexplained changes in eruptive style for basaltic volcanoes such as Mt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ observation of nanolite growth in volcanic melt: A driving force for explosive eruptions

et al. 2020

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Although gas exsolution is a major driving force behind explosive volcanic eruptions, viscosity is critical in controlling the escape of bubbles and switching between explosive and effusive behavior. Temperature and composition control melt viscosity, but crystallization above a critical volume (>30 volume %) can lock up the magma, triggering an explosion. Here, we present an alternative to this well-established paradigm by showing how an unexpectedly small volume of nano-sized crystals can cause a disproportionate increase in magma viscosity. Our in situ observations on a basaltic melt, rheological measurements in an analog system, and modeling demonstrate how just a few volume % of nanolites results in a marked increase in viscosity above the critical value needed for explosive fragmentation, even for a low-viscosity melt. Images of nanolites from low-viscosity explosive eruptions and an experimentally produced basaltic pumice show syn-eruptive growth, possibly nucleating a high bubble number density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ observation of nanolite growth in volcanic melt: A driving force for explosive eruptions

et al. 2020

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“…Three main eruptive epochs ranging between 15 and 10.6 ka (Epoch 1), 9.6 and 9.1 ka (Epoch 2) and 5.5 and 3.5 ka (Epoch 3) have been set out in literature (Di Vito et al, 1999;Isaia et al, 2015;Smith et al, 2011). Most eruptions were distributed within the collapsed area and subordinately along its borders, varying in style and magnitude with a volume of erupted magma exceeding 1 km 3 during the major event of Pomici Principali (12.3 ka) and Agnano-Monte Spina (4.55 ka) (Orsi et al, 2004;Romano et al, 2020). Eruptions in the last 5 kyr mainly occurred in the eastern caldera sector (Bevilacqua et al, 2015(Bevilacqua et al, , 2016Neri et al, 2015), clustered along structural discontinuities (Isaia et al, 2004(Isaia et al, , 2009Vitale & Isaia, 2014) and, in at least one documented case, simultaneously occurred in different caldera sectors (Pistolesi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated on‐land‐offshore stratigraphy of the Campi Flegrei caldera: New insights into the volcano‐tectonic evolution in the last 15 kyr

et al. 2022

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Silicic calderas are volcanic systems whose unrest evolution is more unpredictable than other volcano types because they often do not culminate in an eruption. Their complex structure strongly influences the post-collapse volcano-tectonic evolution, usually coupling volcanism and ground deformation. Among such volcanoes, the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) is one of the most studied. Significant longand short-term ground deformations characterise this restless volcano. Several studies performed on the marine-continental succession exposed in the central sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera provided a reconstruction of ground deformation during the last 15 kyr. However, considering that over one-third of the caldera is presently submerged beneath the Pozzuoli Gulf, a comprehensive stratigraphic on-land-offshore framework is still lacking. This study aims at reconstructing the offshore succession through analysis of high-resolution single and multichannel reflection seismic profiles and correlates the resulting seismic stratigraphic framework with the stratigraphy reconstructed on-land. Results provide new clues on the causative relations between the intra-caldera marine and volcaniclastic sedimentation and the alternating phases of marine transgressions and regressions originated by the interplay between ground deformation and sea-level rise. The volcano-tectonic reconstruction, provided in this work, connects the major caldera floor movements to the large Plinian eruptions of Pomici Principali (12 ka) and Agnano Monte Spina (4.55 ka), with the onset of the first post-caldera doming at ca. 10.5 ka. We emphasise that ground deformation is usually coupled with volcanic activity, which shows a self-similar pattern, regardless of its scale. Thus, characterising the long-term deformation history becomes of particular interest and relevance for hazard assessment and definition of future unrest scenarios.

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“…During epoch 2, six low-magnitude explosive eruptions took place with a mean frequency of 65 years [86,90]. During epoch 3, an intense monogenetic explosive and subordinate effusive activity took place; the principal events that modified the morphological setting of the volcanic field were the emplacements of Solfatara (4.1-4.3 ka; [85]), Astroni (4.1-3.8 ka; [85][86][87][88][89][90][91]), Averno (5.4-4.1 ka; [85,92,93]), Nisida (4.1-3.2 ka; [85,94]) and Monte Nuovo (1538 AD; [48,[95][96][97]) pyroclastic cones, the Agnano Monte Spina (4.4-4.6 ka; [85,[98][99][100][101][102]) Plinian magmatic-to-phreatomagmatic eruption and Monte Olibano and Accademia lava domes (4.36 ± 1.13 ka; [103]). The last event took place in 1538 AD, with the formation of Monte Nuovo scoria cone ( [48] and reference therein).…”

Section: The Campi Flegrei Volcanic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral-Melt Equilibria and Geothermobarometry of Campi Flegrei Magmas: Inferences for Magma Storage Conditions

et al. 2022

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The eruptions of Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy), one of the most studied and dangerous active volcanic areas of the world, are fed by mildly potassic alkaline magmas, from shoshonite to trachyte and phonotrachyte. Petrological investigations carried out in past decades on Campi Flegrei rocks provide crucial information for understanding differentiation processes in its magmatic system. However, the compositional features of rocks are a palimpsest of many processes acting over timescales of 100–104 years, including crystal entrapment from multiple reservoirs with different magmatic histories. In this work, olivine, clinopyroxene and feldspar crystals from volcanic rocks related to the entire period of Campi Flegrei’s volcanic activity are checked for equilibrium with combined and possibly more rigorous tests than those commonly used in previous works (e.g., Fe–Mg exchange between either olivine or clinopyroxene and melt), with the aim of obtaining more robust geothermobarometric estimations for the magmas these products represent. We applied several combinations of equilibrium tests and geothermometric and geobarometric methods to a suite of rocks and related minerals spanning the period from ~59 ka to 1538 A.D. and compared the obtained results with the inferred magma storage conditions estimated in previous works through different methods. This mineral-chemistry investigation suggests that two prevalent sets of T–P (temperature–pressure) conditions, here referred to as “magmatic environments”, characterized the magma storage over the entire period of Campi Flegrei activity investigated here. These magmatic environments are ascribable to either mafic or differentiated magmas, stationing in deep and shallow reservoirs, respectively, which interacted frequently, mostly during the last 12 ka of activity. In fact, open-system magmatic processes (mixing/mingling, crustal contamination, CO2 flushing) hypothesized to have occurred before several Campi Flegrei eruptions could have removed earlier-grown crystals from their equilibrium melts. Moreover, our new results indicate that, in the case of complex systems such as Campi Flegrei’s, in which different pre-eruptive processes can modify the equilibrium composition of the crystals, one single geothermobarometric method offers little chance to constrain the magma storage conditions. Conversely, combined methods yield more robust results in agreement with estimates obtained in previous independent studies based on both petrological and geophysical methods.

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Modelling and physico-chemical constraints to the 4.5 ka Agnano-Monte Spina Plinian eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy)

Cited by 19 publications

References 102 publications

In situ observation of nanolite growth in volcanic melt: A driving force for explosive eruptions

In situ observation of nanolite growth in volcanic melt: A driving force for explosive eruptions

Integrated on‐land‐offshore stratigraphy of the Campi Flegrei caldera: New insights into the volcano‐tectonic evolution in the last 15 kyr

Mineral-Melt Equilibria and Geothermobarometry of Campi Flegrei Magmas: Inferences for Magma Storage Conditions

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