Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors -ITRS 2.0" follows this generalized approach by combining the schemes "More-than-Moore" and "More Moore." The first one wants to incorporate (nondigital) functionalities into devices and systems providing additional value in different ways, while the second scheme aims for a continued shrinking of the physical dimensions of electrical switches in order to reduce cost and increase their performance. [1] Thus, the "Morethan-Moore" scheme considers promising (nano)photonic components to play a key role either as lasers, waveguides, or photo detectors in system on a chip devices (SoC) and optical interconnects (OI). These approaches require optical devices/ coherent light sources with a nanoscaled footprint available by low cost fabrication methods.In parallel, after the development of the first laser, [2] the applications of lasers have been extended into many different scientific areas as well as in many aspects of industrial and public life such as material modification/analysis, spectroscopy, medicine, optics, etc. [3] Along with these important innovations, there has always been the strong aim to miniaturize the laser devices, [4] which partially goes along with the need for miniaturized lasers in SoCs and OIs. The successive miniaturization already had strong impact on technologies like optical communication and furthermore led to microdisk lasers, [5] vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, [6] and photonic crystal lasers [7] based on semiconductor materials. However, the fundamental research in the past decade focused on investigating, exploring, and developing nanoscaled coherent light sources with even smaller footprint that can be integrated in SoCs/OIs, as envisaged by "More-than-Moore." Therefore, semiconductor nanowirebased lasers belong to the heavily investigated model systems, as they can be synthesized cheaply and offer an exceptionally small footprint. The scope of this review is thus to report on recent developments of individual semiconductor nanowires as potential nanoscaled coherent light sources with promising spectral and temporal lasing characteristics, which both need to be fully understood and optimized in order to unleash the potential of semiconductor nanowire lasers for a huge amount of on-chip applications. Note that the terms nanowires, nanorods, and nanopillars are treated equally within this review.Semiconductor optoelectronics have contributed tremendously to various aspects of the technological progress in the past. Recently, they also stimulate research in nanophotonics seeking to overcome the inherent limitations of electronic integrated circuits and satisfy the growing demand for faster onchip communications. In particular, nanowire (NW) lasers generate coherent light at the nanoscale and meanwhile work consistently at room temperature covering a huge spectral range from the ultraviolet down to the mid-infrared depending on the NW material. The underlying physics of their electronic and photonic systems are also studied very recently, thus...