Modulation of osteoblastic/odontoblastic differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells through gene introduction: a brief review

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering is one of the important therapeutic approaches to the regeneration of bones in the entire field of regeneration medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are actively discussed as material for bone tissue engineering due to their ability to differentiate into autologous bone. MSCs are able to differentiate into different lineages: osteo/odontogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic. The tissue of origin for MSCs defines them as bone marrow-derived stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, and, among many others, dental stem cells. According to the tissue of origin, DSCs are further stratified into dental pulp stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, dental follicle precursor cells, and dental papilla cells. There are numerous in vitro/in vivo reports suggesting successful mineralization potential or osteo/odontogenic ability of MSCs. Still, there is further need for the optimization of MSCs-based tissue engineering methods, and the introduction of genes related to osteo/odontogenic differentiation into MSCs might aid in the process. In this review, articles that reported enhanced osteo/odontogenic differentiation with gene introduction into MSCs will be discussed to provide a background for successful bone tissue engineering using MSCs with artificially introduced genes.

Odontogenic effects of two calcium silicate-based biomaterials in human dental pulp cells

“…24 Bone morphogenetic proteins are a group of cytokines that play an important role in stem cells' activity, adjusting the proliferation and differentiation of cells (e.g., osteoblast), and bone formation. 25 The up-regulation of ALPL (also known as tissue-nonspecific) has been associated with the onset of osteogenesis in vitro and its transcription can be up-regulated by BMPs. 26 Runt-related transcription factor 2 is a transcription factor that plays an essential role in bone and tooth development.…”

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor promotes differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts on a titanium surface

“…Bone morphogenic protein, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulate mineralization and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation into osteoblasts. BMP-2 increases the ALP activity in BMSCs and also stimulates differentiation into osteoblasts and mineralization (15). In addition, BMP-2 increases DSPP, BSP and DMP1 mRNA expression and mineralization in dental pulp stem cells (16).…”

Genetically Engineered Dental Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine

“…Currently, there are a large number of experimental studies showing the possibility of using osteogenic potential of MSCs for bone tissue regeneration [ 3 ]. BMPs are involved in the initiation and maintenance of odonto-and osteo-genesis.…”