Molecular cloning and characterization of interferon regulatory factors 4 and 8 (IRF-4 and IRF-8) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Interferon regulatory factor 10 (IRF10): Cloning in orange spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, and evolutionary analysis in vertebrates

“…It is clearly illustrated in this study, as reported in our previous study [26], that IRF10 was clustered with IRF4, IRF8 and IRF9, indicating that these four IRF members might have been derived from a common ancestor [25,27,45,46]. As illustrated in Fig.…”

Sequencing of a second interleukin-10 gene in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and comparative investigation of the expression and modulation of the paralogues in vitro and in vivo

“…The cells were stimulated by direct addition of stimulants that were dissolved in L-15 medium. Three stimulants, E. coli LPS (25 mg/ml, from strain 055:B5, Sigma), polyIC (50 mg/ml, Sigma), rtIFN-g (20 ng/ml) [37] or medium alone as control, were used and the cells were then incubated for 4, 8 and 24 h. The concentrations chosen for each stimulant were deemed optimal from previous studies [17,37,42]. The treatment was terminated by dissolving the cells in Trizol (Invitrogen).…”

Regulation pattern of fish irf4 (the gene encoding IFN regulatory factor 4) by STAT6, c-Rel and IRF4

“…IRF4 has been characterized recently in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) and rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), which is upregulated by PMA, virus, and pathogenic bacteria (Bathige et al, 2012;Holland et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2015), indicating that fish IRF4 is involved in the antimicrobial process of innate immune response. As a homolog of mammalian IRF4, the regulatory patterns of fish irf4 and its roles other than innate immunity are still unknown.…”