Monitoring the incidence of dry rot caused by Fusarium proliferatum in garlic at harvest and during storage

Mondani, Letizia; Chiusa, Giorgio; Pietri, Amedeo; Battilani, Paola

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111407

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the present study, all the Fusaria strains caused symptoms on garlic seedlings, but FPg showed the highest severity index in in vivo trials, with symptoms on bulbs, supporting F. proliferatum as the main causal agent of dry rot in garlic in Europe (Stankovic et al 2007;Palmero et al 2010;Tonti et al 2012;Mondani et al 2020;Mondani et al 2021). However, FPm, which was originally isolated from maize, was capable of infecting garlic plants, scoring a severity index of 18.1% versus 33.1%, confirming the non-host specificity of Fusaria, but also a certain adaptation to the crop (Proctor et al 2010).…”

Section: Applied Prochloraz In In Vitrosupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Garlic dry rot is mainly reported in literature as a postharvest disease, but garlic infection starts in the field, and the first growth stages of the crop are crucial (Mondani et al 2020;Mondani et al 2021;Palmero et al 2012;Stankovic et al 2007). We also observed that apparently healthy cloves used in this study as negative control (neither treated nor inoculated) can develop symptoms during the early stages of garlic growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, F. oxysporum has been reported as a causal agent of basal rot (Schwartz and Krishna Mohan 2016). In recent studies conducted in Piacenza province, F. proliferatum was reported in garlic bulbs from the crop's early growth stages, suggesting potential seed transmission as a source of this fungal pathogen, and it was the dominant fungus in infected bulbs postharvest, confirmed as the causal agent of dry rot (Mondani et al 2020;Mondani et al 2021).…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Chemical and biological control of Fusarium species involved in garlic dry rot at early crop stages

2021

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The aim of the study was to test in vitro and in vivo the efficacy of triazoles and biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum, the former signaled as the main causal agent of garlic dry rot and the latter also involved. In vitro trials were organized using potato dextrose agar with added chemicals or BCAs inoculated with selected F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum. Garlic cloves were dipped before sowing in suspensions prepared with the fungicides showing the best performances in vitro; then they were dipped in Fusaria suspension before sowing. In in vitro trials, the maximum Fusaria growth inhibition was performed by Propiconazole + Prochloraz (100%), followed by Tebuconazole (88.9%). BCAs showed great capacity to control Fusaria, with a maximum growth inhibition of 80% (Trichoderma harzianum + T. gamsii). In vivo bacterial BCAs showed a similar capacity to control F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum compared to chemical products (mean of severity index 18.6% and 11.7%, respectively). In vivo results confirmed the in vitro performances, except for Trichoderma, which had the worst performances in vivo. Therefore, the results are preliminary but promising for future field application.

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Section: Applied Prochloraz In In Vitrosupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Chemical and biological control of Fusarium species involved in garlic dry rot at early crop stages

2021

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“…Interestingly, several studies have shown that F. proliferatum is also the predominant pathogen of some commercial crops, such as Polygonatum cyrtonema, date palm and Cymbidium [27][28][29] . F. proliferatum was observed as the dominant fungus in infected garlic bulbs, with a high disease incidence of 35.40%, and it was confirmed as the causal agent of dry rot in garlic postharvest 30 . F. proliferatum was also highly pathogenic, and significant symptoms were also observed 2 weeks after being inoculated on onion 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Symptoms and pathogens diversity of Corn Fusarium sheath rot in Sichuan Province, China

Wang

Sun

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To elucidate the symptoms and pathogens diversity of corn Fusarium sheath rot (CFSR), diseased samples were collected from 21 county-level regions in 12 prefecture-level districts of Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2018 in the present study. In the field, two symptom types appeared including small black spots with a linear distribution and wet blotches with a tawny or brown color. One hundred thirty-seven Fusarium isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis (EF1-α), and Koch’s postulates were also assessed. The results identified the isolates as 8 species in the Fusarium genus, including F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. fujikuroi, F. asiaticum, F. equiseti, F. meridionale, F. graminearum and F. oxysporum, with isolation frequencies of 30.00, 22.67, 15.33, 7.33, 6.00, 5.33, 3.33 and 1.33%, respectively. Fusariumverticillioides and F. proliferatum were the dominant and subdominant species, respectively. Two or more Fusarium species such as F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were simultaneously identified at a mixed infection rate of 14.67% in the present study. The pathogenicity test results showed that F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi exhibited the highest virulence, with average disease indices of 30.28 ± 2.87 and 28.06 ± 1.96, followed by F. equiseti and F. verticillioides, with disease indices of 21.48 ± 2.14 and 16.21 ± 1.84, respectively. Fusarium asiaticum, F. graminearum and F. meridonale showed lower virulence, with disease indices of 13.80 ± 2.07, 11.57 ± 2.40 and 13.89 ± 2.49, respectively. Finally, F. orysporum presented the lowest virulence in CFSR, with a disease index of 10.14 ± 1.20. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. fujikuroi, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum as CFSR pathogens in China.

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“…were the most prevalent. In a recent study conducted in Italy, F. proliferatum was the predominant fungus in bulbs infected during the postharvest period [ 15 ]. In Spain, F. proliferatum was previously described as one of the main garlic pathogens [ 6 ], but the quantitative importance of the disease that it causes in different garlic cultivars remains unknown, as does the incidence of the other fungal diseases in garlic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Etiology of Postharvest Fungal Diseases Associated with Bulb Rot in Garlic (Alllium sativum) in Spain

Gálvez

Llamas

2021

Foods

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In recent years, different postharvest alterations have been detected in garlic. In many cases, the symptoms are not well defined, or the etiology is unknown, which further complicates the selection of bulbs during postharvest handling. To characterize the different symptoms of bulb rot caused by fungi, garlic bulb samples were collected from six Spanish provinces in two consecutive years. Eight different fungal species were identified. The most prevalent postharvest disease was Fusarium dry rot (56.1%), which was associated with six Fusarium species. Fusarium proliferatum was detected in more than 85% of symptomatic cloves, followed by F. oxysporum and F. solani. Pathogenicity tests did not show a significant correlation between virulence and mycotoxin production (fumonisins, beauvericin, and moniliformin) or the mycelial growth rate. Penicillium allii was detected in 12.2% of the samples; it was greatly influenced by the harvest season and garlic cultivar, and three different morphotypes were identified. Stemphylium vesicarium and Embellisia allii were pathogenic to wounded cloves. Some of the isolated fungal species produce highly toxic mycotoxins, which may have a negative impact on human health. This work is the first to determine the quantitative importance, pathogenicity, and virulence of the causative agents of postharvest garlic rot in Spain.

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Monitoring the incidence of dry rot caused by Fusarium proliferatum in garlic at harvest and during storage

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Chemical and biological control of Fusarium species involved in garlic dry rot at early crop stages

Chemical and biological control of Fusarium species involved in garlic dry rot at early crop stages

Symptoms and pathogens diversity of Corn Fusarium sheath rot in Sichuan Province, China

Incidence and Etiology of Postharvest Fungal Diseases Associated with Bulb Rot in Garlic (Alllium sativum) in Spain

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