Morphological and Radiological Variations of Mandibular Condyles in Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The appearance of mandibular condyle varies greatly among different age groups and individuals. Human mandibular condyles may be categorized into five basic types: flattened, convex, angled, rounded and concave. Morphologic changes of condyle occur due to developmental variations, remodeling, various diseases, trauma, endocrine disturbances and radiation therapy. Genetic, acquired, functional factors, age groups, individuals have a role in morphologic changes in shapes and sizes of condyle. Thus variability in the shapes and sizes of condyles should be an important factor in diagnosing the disorders of temporomandibular joint. Differentiating diseased conditions from anatomical variations of the condylar head possess a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist and surgeons on numerous occasions. The purpose of this review is to describe in detail about normal anatomical and morphological variations in condylar head, thus helping an investigator to distinguish between variations in form and pathologic condition.

Evaluation of Mandibular Condylar Morphology By Orthopantomogram In Bangladeshi Population

“…Website: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UpDCJ functionality (opening and closing) or trigger problems such as occlusal instability, articular clicks, joint and muscle pains, TMJ alterations (reabsorption), functional problems, mandibular deviations and dislocations. 4,5 The present study is aimed at observing and documentation the variation in the shapes of condyle on an OPG.…”

<p>Radiograf panoramik digital bentuk kepala kondilus pada pasien kliking dan tidak kliking</p>Digital panoramic radiograph of the condyle head shape in clicking and non-clicking patients<p>

“…TMJ merupakan organ yang berperan penting dalam sistem stogmatognatik dan merupakan satu-satunya sendi di kepala. 1 Kelainan temporomandibular (TMD) merupakan gangguan TMJ yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup seseorang karena TMJ merupakan bagian dari sistem stomatognatik, sehingga penting untuk diperhatikan karena berkaitan dengan fungsi tubuh setiap hari, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan rahang serta wajah. 2 Berdasarkan hasil penelitian prevalensi TMD pada pasien yang berkunjung ke RSGM UNPAD mempunyai angka yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 84,33%, dimana presentasi terbanyak sebesar 54,48% mengalami gangguan TMD ringan.…”

“…Hal ini dapat terjadi karena berbagai perkembangan, seperti proses remodeling kondilus, maloklusi, trauma, penyakit, dan perkembangan abnormal lainnya). 1 Kemungkinan dapat disebabkan karena pasien lebih banyak mengunyah di sisi kiri, sehingga sisi kiri mengalami perubahan bentuk menjadi patologis. Bentuk kepala kondilus sesuai dengan penelitian terdahulu yang menyebutkan bahwa kelainan pada TMJ dapat menimbulkan beberapa perubahan pada permukaan kondilus.…”

Morphological Appearance of Condylar Head in Mixed Dentition Period (Evaluated from Panoramic Radiograph)

“…Various shapes and sizes of condylar head had been obtained in several previous studies. In general, shapes of condylar head are classified as convex, angled, round, and flattened [9]. Assessment of condylar process shape can be used as an indicator of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs).…”