Morphological Genetic Markers in Plants

Chesnokov, Yu. V.; Косолапов, В. М.; Савченко, И. В.

doi:10.1134/s1022795420120042

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Значительный интерес для генетико-селекционных исследований имеют мутантные линии с генами, проявляющимися на ранних стадиях развития и находящимися в одной группе сцепления. Многие из этих маркеров генетически сцеплены с важными хозяйственно значимыми и агрономическими признаками, что позволяет значительно удешевить и упростить получение новых генетически и селекционно значимых форм (Chesnokov et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Concerning the issue of early diagnostics of low tannin content in faba bean seeds (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.)

Mamedova

Popov

Соловьева

et al. 2023

Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii

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Background. The use of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as a feed and food plant is hindered by the presence of antinutritional substances and in particular phenolic compounds – tannins – in the seed coat. The existence of low-tannin or zero-tannin forms in the faba bean gene pool allows breeders to promote this trait. The aim of this work was to carry out biochemical validation of a known morphological marker of low tannin content and identify relationships of some phenotypic traits characterized by accumulation of phenolic compounds (tannins and anthocyanins) with their concentration for use as additional morphological markers of the low content of these antinutrients in bean seeds.Materials and methods. Associations of the presence/absence of anthocyanin in seedlings, pigmentation on petals, and dark extrafloral nectaries on stipules with the content of tannins and anthocyanins were analyzed in 10 faba bean accessions with different seed coat colors from the VIR collection. The plants were grown and evaluated in Leningrad Province in 2020–2021. Tannins in seeds were assessed using Leventhal’s method. Anthocyanins were analyzed in the green biomass of plants using a spectrophotometric method.Results and conclusion. Different combinations of the studied morphological features associated with the coloration of the studied organs were found. A high positive correlation between the levels of anthocyanins and tannins (r = 0.79) was identified as well as a direct connection of the high value of these traits with the presence of a dark extrafloral nectary on stipules and anthocyanin in seedlings. The absence of anthocyanin staining on seedlings and the absence of dark-colored extrafloral nectaries on stipules can serve as markers of low-tannin genotypes in the early stages of plant development. The light seed coat color that does not darken for a long time may also be the evidence of low tannin content.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Concerning the issue of early diagnostics of low tannin content in faba bean seeds (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.)

Mamedova

Popov

Соловьева

et al. 2023

Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii

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“…Different types of gene markers have been applied in genetic inventories of tropical forest trees. These include morphological or phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular markers (Finkeldey & Hattemer, 2007) and cytogenetic markers (Chesnokov et al, 2020). Further descriptions of the markers are provided in (Chesnokov et al, 2020)).…”

Section: Assessment Of Genetic Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation in Tropical Tree Species and Plantations: A Review

Oluwajuwon¹,

Attafuah²,

Offiah³

et al. 2022

OJF

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The global efforts to restore tropical forests and their productive and ecological functions through plantation forestry largely depend on the available genetic variation in the tree species used to establish the plantations. However, there is limited information on the levels and trends of the genetic variation and variability of different plantation tree species in the tropics. Therefore, this study reviews several marker-based studies that have investigated genetic variation. Most of the top economic species like Eucalyptus tereticornis and Mansonia altissima are attributed to low levels of genetic diversity, while others like Pinus caribaea and Swietenia macrophylla still exhibit high expected heterozygosity across different populations. However, the levels of genetic diversity assessed may depend on the markers used. Microsatellites, i.e., simple sequence repeats (SSRs), mostly give higher estimates when compared to other polymerase chain reaction-based markers. Other factors that typically contribute to the directional pattern of genetic variation in tropical tree species and populations include their distribution, density, seed dispersal, succession, and reproduction. Also, anthropogenic impacts like logging and fragmentation have contributed to the vast genetic base reduction of many tropical species and populations. Having adequate genetic variation within the plantation populations is significant in improving their fitness, resilience, fecundity, productivity, and other ecological functions. It also provides a basis for tree improvement and breeding in plantation forests. Although clonal forestry is becoming widespread and considered highly productive, it is attributed to specific economic, technical, and ecological risks, such as the increased spread of pests and diseases. Therefore, further discussions and recommendations to maximise genetic diversity in tropical (clonal) plantations are provided.

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“…The identification method often uses genetic markers as a specific identifier that have been developed and used as a modern technique for characterization genotypes of organisms. A genetic marker is divided into three types [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Application Of Molecular Biology Techniques For Plant Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontier of Plant Breeding Using Gamma Irradiation and Biotechnology

Puripunyavanich¹,

Maikaeo²,

Limtiyayothin³

et al. 2022

Green Chemistry - New Perspectives

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Mutation is an underlying cause of evolution as a mutant, either natural or artificial, with a novel trait may be preferentially selected for nature because of its superior survival adaptive features. Because of the desirability of the novelty, mutation is the heritable change to an individual’s genetic makeup, which is passed on from parent to offspring and thereby, drives evolution. In nature, mutations are spontaneously caused by errors in the DNA replication. Gamma radiation induced mutation in plant breeding is the one effective method that can cause DNA changes via direct and indirect actions. Many crop varieties have been created using gamma irradiation mutagenesis technology for trait improvement that enhance the characteristic or increase the abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Plant breeding and genetics procedure usually start from mutation induction by gamma irradiation and work with the other modern enabling technologies, such as tissue culture or molecular genetics. Tissue culture and bioreactor techniques are used for synthesizing new plant varieties, while the molecular genetic technique is used for genetic analysis of the new varieties. The irradiation coupled with new modern tissue culture and molecular genetic technology is widely used to induce plant mutation breeding for creating new commercial plant varieties.

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Morphological Genetic Markers in Plants

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Concerning the issue of early diagnostics of low tannin content in faba bean seeds (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.)

Concerning the issue of early diagnostics of low tannin content in faba bean seeds (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.)

Genetic Variation in Tropical Tree Species and Plantations: A Review

New Frontier of Plant Breeding Using Gamma Irradiation and Biotechnology

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