Multiple nitrogen functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient adsorbent: synthesis, kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies for the removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution

Abstract

The continuous demand for clean and affordable water needed for the survival of man is now a major challenge globally. Therefore, the treatment of wastewater generated from printing, textile and dyeing industries containing soluble dyes like rhodamine B (Rh-B) is of utmost important. This study investigates the efficiency of new multifunctionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNP-Tppy) for the removal of cationic Rh-B from aqueous solution. To afford MNP-Tppy, the surface of MNP was covalently functionalized with terpyridine ligand to enable an anionic charge on the adsorbent. The results of characterization including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infra–red spectroscopy (FTIR) indicate that this superparamagnetic nanoparticle functionalized with multiple nitrogen atoms was successfully synthesized. Adsorption experiments involving the effect of pH, time, temperature, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration show that the maximum adsorption of Rh-B using MNP-Tppy was observed at pH 9 and removal was observed to increase as solution pH increases. Similarly, time variation shows that adsorbate removal increases as adsorption time increases until the removal attained equilibrium at 15 min. Kinetic studies conducted among four kinetic models using the data obtained from effect of time indicate that the adsorption process can best be described by the pseudo-second order model. Isotherm studies conducted at three different temperatures revealed that Langmuir isotherm model fitted well for the equilibrium data with q m value of 113.64 mg g −1 and thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process involving the removal of Rh-B from aqueous solution by MNP-Tppy is spontaneous, endothermic and realistic in nature. Lastly, Reusability experiments indicate that MNP-Tppy can be regenerated and re-used.

Adsorption of hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride dye on MgO‐PbFe2O4: Experimental study and statistical physics modeling via double‐layer model

“…Therefore, more energy is required at high temperatures to move the HPCD molecules from the liquid phase to the surface of the adsorbent. [54][55][56][57][58][59][60]…”

Adsorption of Congo Red dye on CuO nanoparticles synthesized by green method using Nyctanthes arbor‐tristis leaf extract: Experimental and theoretical study

“…The regenerated adsorbent displayed strong adsorption after five cycles while the CON showed adsorption of up to 96.4%. Table 4 shows the comparision of CuO with previous reported nanomaterials for the adsoption of CR dye 59–61 …”

“…Table 4 shows the comparision of CuO with previous reported nanomaterials for the adsoption of CR dye. [59][60][61]…”

“…Water contamination has been a big concern worldwide due to massive industrialization 1–4 . Dyes also raised growing public concerns about the various aqueous contaminants due to their widespread use in many industrial sectors such as the clothing, pharmacy, publishing, leather, and food industries 5–8 . Dye wastewater runoff interferes with the photosynthetic activity of marine organisms and is shown to be harmful and carcinogenic to a significant range of dyes and their metabolites 9–12 …”

Role of Nanoparticles in Biodegradation and Their Importance in Environmental and Biomedical Applications

“…The latest nanotech approaches harvest CO 2 and convert it into useful products like alcohol. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are widely used in water treatment and water filtration [3,4]. Plastics are used on a daily basis in our everyday lives.…”