Multipurpose and Reusable Ultrathin Electronic Tattoos Based on PtSe₂and PtTe₂

Abstract

Wearable bioelectronics with emphasis on the research and development of advanced person-oriented biomedical devices have attracted immense interest in the last decade.Scientists and clinicians find it essential to utilize skin-worn smart tattoos for on-demand and ambulatory monitoring of an individual's vital signs. Here we report on the development of novel ultrathin platinum-based two-dimensional dichalcogenide (Pt-TMDs) based electronic tattoos as advanced building blocks of future wearable bioelectronics. We made these ultrathin electronic tattoos out of large-scale synthesized platinum diselenide (PtSe2) and platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) layered materials and used them for monitoring human physiological vital signs, such as the electrical activity of the heart and the brain, muscle contractions, eye movements, and temperature.We show that both materials can be used for these applications; yet, PtTe2 was found to be the most suitable choice due to its metallic structure. In terms of sheet resistance, skin-contact, and electrochemical impedance, PtTe2 outperforms state-of-the-art gold and graphene electronic tattoos and performs on par with medical-grade Ag/AgCl gel electrodes. The PtTe2 tattoos show four times lower impedance and almost 100 times lower sheet resistance compared to monolayer graphene tattoos. One of the possible prompt implications of the work is perhaps in the development of advanced human-machine interfaces. To display the application, we built a multitattoo system that can easily distinguish eye movement and identify the direction of an individual's sight.

Soft Biomorph Actuators Enabled by Wafer‐Scale Ultrathin 2D PtTe2 Layers

“…The left panel exhibits Pt-4f core level peaks at 72.4 and 75.7 eV which correspond to 4f 7/2 and 4f 5/2, respectively, and well agrees with previous studies. [35,36] Similarly, the XPS profile on the right panel exhibits Te-3d peaks at ≈575.8 and ≈586.3 eV corresponding to Te (iv) species; additional peaks are also observed at ≈573.1 and ≈583.4 eV corresponding to Te (0), which is consistent with the values from previous reports. [35,36] The atomic ratio of Pt:Te is identified to be ≈1:2, [24,32] confirming the growth of stoichiometric 2D PtTe 2 layers.…”

“…[35,36] Similarly, the XPS profile on the right panel exhibits Te-3d peaks at ≈575.8 and ≈586.3 eV corresponding to Te (iv) species; additional peaks are also observed at ≈573.1 and ≈583.4 eV corresponding to Te (0), which is consistent with the values from previous reports. [35,36] The atomic ratio of Pt:Te is identified to be ≈1:2, [24,32] confirming the growth of stoichiometric 2D PtTe 2 layers. Figure 1e shows a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of as-grown 2D PtTe 2 layers, confirming their continuous film morphology.…”

Opportunities in electrically tunable 2D materials beyond graphene: Recent progress and future outlook

“…Although currently significantly less explored than MoS2 counterparts, WS2 bioFETs have also been used for detection of glucose [237,265,266], IgE [267,268], steroid hormone (e.g., estradiol [268]) and nucleic acid aptamers (e.g., DNA [269,270] and micro-RNA [271]). Alternatively, working on a higher level of bio applications, wearable electronics or skin tattoos based on PtSe2 and PtTe2 with medical-grade Ag/AgCl gel electrodes have been demonstrated [272]. Specifically, in terms of sheet resistance, skin contact, and electrochemical impedance, PtTe2 outperforms state-of-the-art gold and graphene electronic sensors.…”

“…Specifically, in terms of sheet resistance, skin contact, and electrochemical impedance, PtTe2 outperforms state-of-the-art gold and graphene electronic sensors. The PtTe2 tattoos show 4 times lower impedance and almost 100 times lower sheet resistance compared to monolayered graphene tattoos, opening exciting applications in the development of advanced human-machine interfaces [272].…”

Mitrofanovite Pt3Te4: A Topological Metal with Termination-Dependent Surface Band Structure and Strong Spin Polarization

“…15 Among the various families of materials showing gapless Dirac Fermions, the transition-metal dichalcogenide TMX 2 (TM = Pd, Pt; X = Se, Te), crystallizing in the same structure as the naturally occurring mineral "moncheite", 16 was demonstrated to host type-II Dirac fermions, 17 with application capabilities in plasmonics, 10 catalysis, 18 nanoelectronics, 19 and wearable electronics. 20 These properties can be tuned by varying (i) the position of the Fermi level with respect to the degenerate Dirac (or Weyl/nodal line) point and (ii) the strength of the spin−orbit coupling.…”