Spectral imaging technology, which records simultaneously spectral and spatial information about an object, was initially developed for remote sensing and has since been successfully applied to other areas of research. Although relatively new to the field of conservation, this non-invasive method of investigation has already provided promising results in the analysis of paintings and written documents, the characterization of materials and digital documentation. This article reviews the published literature relating to the application of multispectral and hyperspectral imaging for the study and conservation of works of art and presents some new perspectives offered by this innovative and fast-developing technology.