Mutual impacts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on the bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soil

Environmental Pollution

et al. 2016

159

a b s t r a c tThe roles of protein and lipid in the accumulation and distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in seven species of plants from biosolids-amended soils were investigated. The PFOS and PFOA root concentration factors (C root /C soil ) ranged from 1.37 to 4.68 and 1.69 to 10.3 (ng/g root )/(ng/g soil ), respectively, while the translocation factors (C shoot /C root ) ranged from 0.055 to 0.16 and 0.093 to 1.8 (ng/g shoot )/(ng/g root ), respectively. The PFOS and PFOA accumulations in roots correlated positively with root protein contents (P < 0.05), while negatively with root lipid contents (P < 0.05). These suggested the promotion effects of protein and inhibition effects of lipid on root uptake. The translocation factors correlated positively with the ratios between protein contents in shoots to those in roots (P < 0.05), showing the importance of protein on PFOS and PFOA translocation. This study is the first to reveal the different roles of protein and lipid in the accumulation and distribution of PFOS and PFOA in plants.

Section: Uptake Translocation and Distribution Of Pfos And Pfoa In Psupporting

confidence: 76%

The roles of protein and lipid in the accumulation and distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in plants grown in biosolids-amended soils

Wen

Environmental Pollution

et al. 2016

159

“…A few studies have been conducted and revealed plant uptake of PFASs from soils (Yoo et al, 2011;Wen et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2014). Organic matter (OM) in soil was reported to play an important role in limiting plant uptake of PFASs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in biosolids-amended soils to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Wen

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

h i g h l i g h t sBioavailability of PFOS and PFOA by earthworm in biosolids-amended soils was studied. The uptake and elimination kinetics fit a one-compartment first-order kinetic model. PFOS displayed higher k u , lower k e , and longer t ss than those of PFOA. The bioaccumulation factors and t ss decreased with soil concentrations increasing. Soil concentration and OM contents accounted for earthworm bioavailability. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tThe bioavailability of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in seven biosolids-amended soils without any additionally spiking to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) was studied. The uptake and elimination kinetics of PFOS and PFOA fit a one-compartment first-order kinetic model. PFOS displayed higher uptake and lower elimination rate coefficients, and longer time to reach steady-state (t ss ) than those of PFOA. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of PFOS and PFOA ranged 1.54-4.12 and 0.52-1.34 g soil g worm À1, respectively. The BAFs and t ss decreased with increasing concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in soils. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to elucidate the bioavailability of PFOS and PFOA. The results showed that the total concentrations of PFOS and PFOA, and organic matter (OM) contents in soils explained 87.2% and 91.3% of the variation in bioavailable PFOS and PFOA, respectively. PFOS and PFOA concentrations exhibited positive influence and OM contents showed the negative influence on the accumulation of PFOS and PFOA in earthworms. Soil pH and clay contents played relatively unimportant role in PFOS and PFOA bioavailability.

“…For broad‐leaved trees, a similar trend was observed, except for poplar, where PFCA levels seemed to increase for carbon chains longer than C11. In lettuce, tomato, and wheat grown in PFAA‐contaminated soil, a decrease of plant PFCA levels with longer carbon chain length has also been reported, which was attributable to the lower bioavailability and lower transportation from soil to plant root and leaves of the long carbon–chain PFCAs . As for PFSAs, there is no distinct relationship between chain length and leaf enrichment ability (Supplemental Data, Figure S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The leaf‐soil accumulation factor of PFAAs obtained in the present study were lower than those reported by Yoo et al and Shan et al , based on grass and leaf analyses, respectively (Supplemental Data, Figure S2). The bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PFAAs in aqueous system through the food chain and to wildlife and humans have attracted much concern , and recent study of the transportation of PFAAs into crops and vegetables grown in sludge‐ or biosolid‐contaminated soil raised another important exposure route .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, little is known about PFAAs in tree leaves. Several studies have evaluated the accumulation of PFAAs in edible plants, providing valuable information about human uptake via foods . Most recently, Shan et al monitored PFAAs in camphor tree leaf and bark samples in an industrial region with condensed fluorochemical facilities, suggesting that assessing leaf PFAAs level may be a valuable monitoring method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids in the leaves of coniferous and deciduous broad‐leaved trees

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Liu

et al. 2015

Analytical methods for determining perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in leaves were developed to quantify a suite of analytes in both coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved trees. Sodium hydroxide-methanol and solid-phase extraction was selected as the extracting and cleanup strategy for PFAA analysis. Ten perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 4 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) were monitored in 7 kinds of leaves grown in the urban areas of Dalian, China. The results show that coniferous tree leaves take up more PFAAs than broad-leaved tree leaves, with the highest amount of 150 ng/g in pine needles. Leaf PFCA levels were much higher than PFSAs level. Short carbon-chain PFCAs with 3 to 6 perfluorinated carbons account for approximately 40% to 80% of the total leaf PFAAs, where uptake decreased with increasing carbon chain length. Temporal observation of leaf PFAAs revealed no significant variation of concentrations in the leaves over a weekly interval and the absence of significant seasonal change in pine needles and sophora. The present study provides some evidence for the accumulation of PFAAs in leaves, which is valuable for understanding their environmental behavior and the development of alternative bioindicator.