Nanopatterning proteins and peptides

Integrated Direct DNA/Protein Patterning and Microfabrication by Focused Ion Beam Milling

“…Extensive research efforts have been made to develop biomolecule patterning techniques that satisfy the requirements of biofunctionality retention and high spatial resolution. [3,[8][9][10] These patterning techniques can be divided into two categories: ''bottom-up'' and ''top-down'' methods. In bottom-up methods, biomolecule patterns are built up on a substrate material by transfer of biomolecules and in top-down methods, biomolecules are selectively removed to obtain the desired pattern.…”

e‐Beam Nanopatterned Photo‐Responsive Bacteriorhodopsin‐Containing Hydrogels

“…[4] Also, with the recent emphasis of tissue engineering on nanometer-scale topographies, [5,6] nanopatterned hydrogels can be used to regulate the interaction of cells and proteins with biomaterials. Despite the progress in surface patterning, [7] there remains a significant need for potential active components that allow easy and controlled manipulation of nanostructured smart surfaces. Recently, studies have demonstrated the fabrication of stimuli-responsive hydrogel nanostructures using electron-beam lithography (EBL).…”

Large‐Scale Protein Arrays Generated with Interferometric Lithography for Spatial Control of Cell‐Material Interactions

“…Several techniques have been used to create surface patterns of proteins on the nanometer-scale for cellular studies [14,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. These techniques fall into four distinct categories including scanning probe, stamping, electron beam, and self-assembly [14,17,23].…”

“…Selfassembly techniques include particle lithography, polymerassisted templating and DNA-assisted assembly [3,35,36]. The above mentioned fabrication methods have been shown to be very useful to create patterns on the nano-scale, but are limited due to a high cost of fabrication or an inability to create arrays over areas large enough areas to examine statistically relevant numbers of cells [2,23,24]. An alternative to the methods listed above is interferometric lithography (IL), a subset of photolithography, which is capable of producing ordered nano-patterned arrays up to 4 cm 2 efficiently and inexpensively without the use of a mask [37][38][39].…”