Natural polyphenols for the prevention of irritable bowel syndrome: molecular mechanisms and targets; a comprehensive review

Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a well diagnosed disease, thoroughly attributed to series of symptoms criteria that embrace a broad range of abdominal complainers. Such criteria help to diagnosis the disease and can guide controlled clinical trials to seek new therapeutic agents. Accordingly, a verity of mechanisms and pathophysiological conditions including inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and different life styles are involved in IBS. Predictably, diverse therapeutic approaches are available and prescribed by clinicians due to major manifestations (i.e., diarrhea-predominance, constipation-predominance, abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity), psychological disturbances, and patient preferences between herbal treatments versus pharmacological therapies, dietary or microbiological approaches. Herein, we gathered the latest scientific data between 1973 and 2019 from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane library on relevant studies concerning beneficial effects of herbal treatments for IBS, in particular polyphenols. This is concluded that polyphenols might be applicable for preventing IBS and improving the IBS symptoms, mainly through suppressing the inflammatory signaling pathways, which nowadays are known as novel platform for the IBS management.

Lactobacillus plantarumKFY02 enhances the relieving effect of gardenoside on montmorillonite induced constipation in mice

“…With the aggravation of constipation, oxygen free radical reactions and lipid peroxidation are further initiated. 42 CAT, GSH and GSH-PX in the body will decrease, but the content of the lipid peroxidation product MDA will increase. 43 The regulation of SOD and CAT is the main mechanism of the antioxidant enzymes.…”

(Poly)phenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review

“…The most important dietary sources include coffee, tea, fruits and vegetables, cocoa, soy products, nuts, olive oil, red wine, cereals, and wholegrains [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. PPs have been ascribed anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective effects (amongst others) [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] and it has therefore been proposed that they may be beneficial in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [ 6 , 7 ].…”

“…There is a growing body of in vitro and animal model evidence on benefits of PPs in controlling cytokine-mediated inflammation, immune signalling, and free radical activity that are implicated in IBD and IBS pathogenesis [ 7 , 28 ]. More recently, some evidence from human studies on the efficacy of PPs in IBD and IBS has been published, including meta-analyses on the use of curcumin in UC and CD, which is the type of (poly)phenol most commonly investigated so far [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

“…More recently, some evidence from human studies on the efficacy of PPs in IBD and IBS has been published, including meta-analyses on the use of curcumin in UC and CD, which is the type of (poly)phenol most commonly investigated so far [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Previous reviews on this topic have focused on individual PPs, mechanisms of action, and evidence from preclinical studies [ 7 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The aim of this article is to review the existing and emerging evidence from human studies for the use of PPs on the prevention and management of IBD and IBS, with a focus on patient outcomes.…”

Acute Diarrhea in Dogs: Current Management and Potential Role of Dietary Polyphenols Supplementation

“…Remarkably, in 2018 the Federation of International Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (FISPGHAN) Working Group (WG) published Universal Recommendations for the Management of AD in non-malnourished Children, concluding that the routine use of antibiotics is not recommended for the treatment of acute enteropathy [ 2 ]. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have investigated the efficacy of therapeutic protocols, alternative to the use of antibiotics [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], and attention has been focused on the role played by oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation during acute diarrheic episodes [ 20 , 21 ]. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a major site for the generation of pro-oxidants, due to the presence of a plethora of bacteria and food ingredients, that interact with the immune system [ 22 ].…”