Nd<sup>3+</sup>-Sensitized Upconversion Nanophosphors: Efficient<i>In Vivo</i>Bioimaging Probes with Minimized Heating Effect

Wang, Yefu; Liu, Gaoyuan; Sun, Ling‐Dong; Xiao, Jiawen; Zhou, Jia-Cai; Yan, Chun‐Hua

doi:10.1021/nn402601d

Cited by 816 publications

(716 citation statements)

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“…Likewise, Yan and co‐workers extended excitation bands to shorter wavelengths (808 nm) by introducing Nd 3+ to core/shell UCNPs which not only showed high upconversion emissions comparable to that excited at 980 nm but also minimized laser‐generated overheating issues attributed to Yb 3+ ‐based UCNPs 172. Another striking example was reported by Zhao's group who designed a multi‐layer core/shell 1 /shell 2 /shell 3 (β‐NGdF 4 : Nd/NaYF 4 /NaGdF 4 :Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF 4 ) UCNPs with an efficient 800 nm excitable exclusivity.…”

Section: Effects Of Nir Light Power Intensity On the Upconverting Phementioning

confidence: 99%

Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles: Emerging Intelligent Light‐Activated Drug Delivery Systems

et al. 2016

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The development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) using near infrared (NIR) light and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) has generated intensive interest over the past five years. These NIR‐initiated DDSs not only offer a high degree of spatial and temporal determination of therapeutic release but also provide precise control over the released dosage. Furthermore, these nanoplatforms confer several advantages over conventional light‐based DDSs—NIR offers better tissue penetration depth and a reduced risk of cellular photo‐damage caused by exposure to light at high‐energy wavelengths (e.g., ultraviolet light, <400 nm). The development of DDSs that can be activated by low intensity NIR illumination is highly desirable to avoid exposing living tissues to excessive heat that can limit the in vivo application of these DDSs. This encompasses research in three directions: (i) enhancing the quantum yield of the UCNPs; (ii) incorporation of photo‐responsive materials with red‐shifted absorptions into the UCNPs; and (iii) tuning the UCNPs excitation wavelength. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of NIR‐initiated DDS, with emphasis on the use of photo‐responsive compounds and polymeric materials conjugated onto UCNPs. The challenges that limit UCNPs clinical applications, alongside with the aforementioned techniques that have emerged to overcome these limitations, are highlighted.

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Section: Effects Of Nir Light Power Intensity On the Upconverting Phementioning

confidence: 99%

Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles: Emerging Intelligent Light‐Activated Drug Delivery Systems

et al. 2016

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“…Two‐photon oxygen probes were characterized by improved spatial confinement and reduced risk of photodamage,26 but usually require expensive femtosecond pump lasers and higher excitation power density (≈10 6 W cm −2 ) 29, 30. Lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can be excited by low‐cost CW NIR laser (typically 980 nm) with low excitation power density (≈10 2 W cm −2 ),31, 32, 33 thereby eliminating most autofluorescence from biosamples and minimizing photodamage 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38. These features render UCNPs good platform for designing NIR‐excitable oxygen probes 29, 39…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complex‐Modified Nanoprobe for Hypoxia Bioimaging Via Time‐Resolved Luminescence Microscopy

Yang

et al. 2015

Advanced Science

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Oxygen plays a crucial role in many biological processes. Accurate monitoring of oxygen level is important for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Autofluorescence is an unavoidable interference in luminescent bioimaging, so that an amount of research work has been devoted to reducing background autofluorescence. Herein, a phosphorescent iridium(III) complex‐modified nanoprobe is developed, which can monitor oxygen concentration and also reduce autofluorescence under both downconversion and upconversion channels. The nanoprobe is designed based on the mesoporous silica coated lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles, which contains oxygen‐sensitive iridium(III) complex in the outer silica shell. To image intracellular hypoxia without the interferences of autofluorescence, time‐resolved luminescent imaging technology and near‐infrared light excitation, both of which can reduce autofluorescence effectively, are adopted in this work. Moreover, gradient O2 concentration can be detected clearly through confocal microscopy luminescence intensity imaging, phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and time‐gated imaging, which is meaningful to oxygen sensing in tissues with nonuniform oxygen distribution.

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“…However, if both the core and shell units are optically active, the core/ shell engineering can also be used to synthesize multifunctional nanostructures with pre-tailored properties, such as efficient two photon emission under non-heating laser excitation. 31 In this work, we have designed and synthesized core/ shell NPs that operate in the II-BW and that are capable of subcutaneous heating and thermal sensing under single beam 808 nm excitation. This work is based on two recent demonstrations: (i) the heating capacity of heavily Neodymium a)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

LaF3 core/shell nanoparticles for subcutaneous heating and thermal sensing in the second biological-window

Ximendes

Rocha

Kumar

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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We report on Ytterbium and Neodymium codoped LaF 3 core/shell nanoparticles capable of simultaneous heating and thermal sensing under single beam infrared laser excitation. Efficient light-to-heat conversion is produced at the Neodymium highly doped shell due to non-radiative deexcitations. Thermal sensing is provided by the temperature dependent Nd 3þ ! Yb 3þ energy transfer processes taking place at the core/shell interface. The potential application of these core/shell multifunctional nanoparticles for controlled photothermal subcutaneous treatments is also demonstrated. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4954170] Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a therapeutic strategy in which photon energy is converted into heat to cause irreversible damage at the cellular level and that could efficiently treat a great variety of diseases including cancer tumors. [1][2][3] In particular, nanoparticle (NP) based PTTs are attracting great attention nowadays. They are based on the use of nanoheaters (NHs), which are NPs with large light-to-heat conversion efficiencies. [4][5][6] The selective incorporation of NHs into cancer cells or tumors provides the means by which a subsequent optical excitation produces a temperature increment that will only affect the tissues aimed to be treated. The net effects caused on cancer tumors during PTTs strongly depend on both the magnitude of the heating as well as the treatment duration. [7][8][9][10] In this regard, in order to achieve an efficient treatment and keep the collateral damage at minimum it is extremely necessary to have a temperature reading during NP based PTTs. As a consequence, there has been an increasing interest in the design of multifunctional luminescent NPs capable of simultaneous heating and thermal sensing under single power excitation as they would constitute significant building blocks toward the achievement of real controlled PTTs as well as subcutaneous studies. 11 Despite the continuously growing list of systems that could operate as simultaneous NHs and nanothermometers (NThs), including polymeric NPs, quantum dots, nanodiamonds, metallic NPs, and rare earth-doped NPs, only a few of them show real potential of working subcutaneously. 12-14 This is so because most of them operate in the visible spectrum domain, where optical penetration into tissues is minimal. To avoid this limitation, it is necessary to shift their operation spectral range from the visible to the spectral infrared ranges where tissues become partially transparent (due to simultaneous attenuation in both tissue absorption and scattering), lying in the so-called biological windows (BWs). 15,16 Traditionally, three biological windows are defined: the first extending from 650 up to 950 nm, the second covering the infrared region about 1000-1350 nm and the third extending from 1500 up to 1750 nm. 17 In particular, the applicability in the second biological window (II-BW) opens up the possibility of not only deep tissue imaging but also of high contrast, autofluorescence free in ...

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Nd³⁺-Sensitized Upconversion Nanophosphors: EfficientIn VivoBioimaging Probes with Minimized Heating Effect

Cited by 816 publications

References 39 publications

Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles: Emerging Intelligent Light‐Activated Drug Delivery Systems

Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles: Emerging Intelligent Light‐Activated Drug Delivery Systems

A Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complex‐Modified Nanoprobe for Hypoxia Bioimaging Via Time‐Resolved Luminescence Microscopy

LaF3 core/shell nanoparticles for subcutaneous heating and thermal sensing in the second biological-window

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Nd3+-Sensitized Upconversion Nanophosphors: EfficientIn VivoBioimaging Probes with Minimized Heating Effect

Cited by 816 publications

References 39 publications

Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles: Emerging Intelligent Light‐Activated Drug Delivery Systems

Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles: Emerging Intelligent Light‐Activated Drug Delivery Systems

A Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complex‐Modified Nanoprobe for Hypoxia Bioimaging Via Time‐Resolved Luminescence Microscopy

LaF3 core/shell nanoparticles for subcutaneous heating and thermal sensing in the second biological-window

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Nd³⁺-Sensitized Upconversion Nanophosphors: EfficientIn VivoBioimaging Probes with Minimized Heating Effect