Neuroprotective effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on spinal cord injury induced rats

Bi, Jianjun; Chen, Chong; Sun, Ping; Tan, Haining; Feng, Fan; Shen, Jianxiong

doi:10.1002/brb3.1339

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It results in inhibiting the phenomenon of the depolarization-induced increased activation of glutamate receptors [ 43 ]. Similar results concerning the anti-inflammatory activity of ω -3 acids were obtained by Bi et al [ 45 ], who noted a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in the concentrations of proinflammatory IL-6, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), C-reactive protein, and TNF- α in rats with SCI which were fed with food containing ω -3 acids. The concentration of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) was directly proportional to the ω -3/ ω -6 acid ratio [ 43 ].…”

Section: The Biological Effect Of ω -3 Acids Insupporting

confidence: 86%

Significance of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Prophylaxis and Treatment after Spinal Cord Injury in Rodent Models

Wojdasiewicz

Poniatowski

Turczyn

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 acids, PUFAs) are essential components of cell membranes in all mammals. A multifactorial beneficial influence of ω-3 fatty acids on the health of humans and other mammals has been observed for many years. Therefore, ω-3 fatty acids and their function in the prophylaxis and treatment of various pathologies have been subjected to numerous studies. Regarding the documented therapeutic influence of ω-3 fatty acids on the nervous and immune systems, the aim of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge and the critical assessment of the role of ω-3 fatty acids in the prophylaxis and treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rodent models. The prophylactic properties (pre-SCI) include the stabilization of neuron cell membranes, the reduction of the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and KC/GRO/CINC), the improvement of local blood flow, reduced eicosanoid production, activation of protective intracellular transcription pathways (dependent on RXR, PPAR-α, Akt, and CREB), and increased concentration of lipids, glycogen, and oligosaccharides by neurons. On the other hand, the therapeutic properties (post-SCI) include the increased production of endogenous antioxidants such as carnosine and homocarnosine, the maintenance of elevated GSH concentrations at the site of injury, reduced concentrations of oxidative stress marker (MDA), autophagy improvement (via increasing the expression of LC3-II), and p38 MAPK expression reduction in the superficial dorsal horns (limiting the sensation of neuropathic pain). Paradoxically, despite the well-documented protective activity of ω-3 acids in rodents with SCI, the research does not offer an answer to the principal question of the optimal dose and treatment duration. Therefore, it is worth emphasizing the role of multicenter rodent studies with the implementation of standards which initially may even be based on arbitrary criteria. Additionally, basing on available research data, the authors of this paper make a careful attempt at referring some of the conclusions to the human population.

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Section: The Biological Effect Of ω -3 Acids Insupporting

confidence: 86%

Significance of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Prophylaxis and Treatment after Spinal Cord Injury in Rodent Models

Wojdasiewicz

Poniatowski

Turczyn

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…The results confirmed that when ω-3 PUFA (4 g/kg) was administered once, it revealed a protective effect against uremic toxin in the hippocampus region. Furthermore, in the brain of the spinal cord injury model wherein ω-3 PUFA was administered orally, the mRNA expression of apoptotic markers such as Bcl2, Bax, and caspase-3 was decreased [25]. The results of this paper show that ω-3 PUFA plays a protective role against oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis caused by uremic toxins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Attenuates Uremia-Induced Brain Damage in Mice

Kim

Ham

Shin

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Although the cause of neurological disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been completely identified yet, recent papers have identified accumulated uremic toxin as its main cause. Additionally, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) plays an important role in maintaining normal nerve function, but its protective effects against uremic toxin is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify brain damage caused by uremic toxicity and determine the protective effects of ω-3 PUFA against uremic toxin. We divided mice into the following groups: wild-type (wt) sham (n = 8), ω-3 PUFA sham (n = 8), Fat-1 sham (n = 8), ischemia-reperfusion (IR) (n = 20), and ω-3 PUFA+IR (n = 20) Fat-1+IR (n = 20). Brain tissue, kidney tissue, and blood were collected three days after the operation of mice (sham and IR operation). This study showed that Ki67 and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) decreased in the brain of uremic mice as compared to wt mice brain, but increased in the ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and the brain of uremic Fat-1 mice as compared to the brain of uremic mice. The pro-apoptotic protein expressions were increased, whereas anti-apoptotic protein expression decreased in the brain of uremic mice as compared to wt mice brain. However, apoptotic protein expression decreased in the ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and the brain of uremic Fat-1 mice as compared to the brain of uremic mice. Furthermore, the brain of ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and uremic Fat-1 mice showed increased expression of p-PI3K, p-PDK1, and p-Akt as compared to the brain of uremic mice. We confirm that uremic toxin damages the brain and causes cell death. In these injuries, ω-3 PUFA plays an important role in neuroprotection through PI(3)K-Akt signaling.

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“…As summarized in the introduction, a dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids seems to be beneficial. In a rat model of spinal cord injury, dietary supplementation with DHA or EPA normalized lipid peroxidation, normalized the low level of glutathione and increased the activity of the superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes [52]. Moreover, in an in vitro assay of rat primary astrocytes exposed to oxidative stress (H 2 O 2 ), both n-3 PUFAs concentration-dependently increased the level of glutathione and increased the levels of the NRF2-target genes [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Potential Suicide Prophylactic Activity by the Fish Oil Metabolite, 4-Hydroxyhexenal

Kalkman¹

2022

IJMS

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Low levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and high levels of n-6 PUFAs in the blood circulation are associated with an increased risk for suicide. Clinical studies indicate that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, a n-3 PUFA found in fish-oil) displays protective effects against suicide. It has recently been proposed that the activation of the transcription factor NRF2 might be the pharmacological activity that is common to current anti-suicidal medications. Oxidation products from fish oil, including those from DHA, are electrophiles that reversibly bind to a protein ‘KEAP1’, which acts as the molecular inhibitor of NRF2 and so indirectly promotes NRF2-transcriptional activity. In the majority of publications, the NRF2-stimulant effect of DHA is ascribed to the metabolite 4-hydroxyhexenal (4HHE). It is suggested to investigate whether 4HHE will display a therapeutically useful anti-suicidal efficacy.

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Neuroprotective effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on spinal cord injury induced rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Significance of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Prophylaxis and Treatment after Spinal Cord Injury in Rodent Models

Significance of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Prophylaxis and Treatment after Spinal Cord Injury in Rodent Models

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Attenuates Uremia-Induced Brain Damage in Mice

Potential Suicide Prophylactic Activity by the Fish Oil Metabolite, 4-Hydroxyhexenal

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