New development of carbonate apatite-chitosan scaffold based on lyophilization technique for bone tissue engineering

Bone regenerative medicine: classic options, novel strategies, and future directions

“…Newer technologies used different materials to produce grafts, the architecture of which could be designed according to clinical needs. Synthetic materials are often selected as tissue engineering material in producing scaffolds because their polymeric molecules are commercially available and there is no need for special processing prior to use [65,66]. Using various tissue engineering technologies, different scaffolds, each with advantages and disadvantages, have been produced for bone tissue engineering applications (Table 4).…”

“…Such constructs are specific for one or two materials (e.g., collagen + hydroxyapatite, collagen + chitosan) and therefore have low antigenicity compared with cadaveric grafts [66,67]. Several characteristics have been suggested for the tissue-engineered constructs, including porosity, suitable pore size and shape, fiber alignment and orientation, fiber density, internal and external architecture, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity, including water uptake, binding, and delivery [65,69].…”

Chitin and Chitosan Composites for Bone Tissue Regeneration

“…Carbonate apatite-chitosan scaffolds (CA-ChSs) were fabricated using the lyophilization technique (Ariani et al, 2013) and it had a threedimensional interconnected porous structure, good retentive form without brittleness, and the ability to support the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. It is suggested that the newly developed CA-ChSs may be a possible scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.…”

The potential of chitosan combined with chicken shank collagen as scaffold on bone defect regeneration process in Rattus norvegicus

“…Approaches to overcome the weaknesses has been conducted, such as designing a composite by combining the strengths of different materials to minimize the weaknesses of two different materials. 8 Another organic material playing an important role in tissue engineering is collagen. 9 Collagen can be found in cartilage, bone, intervertebral disc, blood vessels, tendons, ligaments, skin, and a major component of the extracellular matrix.…”