New Trends on the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Microemulsions as Confined Reaction Media

Sánchez-Domínguez, Margarita; Aubery, Carolina; Solans, Conxita

doi:10.5772/33010

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…A well-established method to synthesize spherical particles (including sub-micrometer diameter) is emulsion polymerization . The advantages of particle synthesis from emulsions are (i) the simplicity of the setup and scalability, (ii) the possibility to prepare a great variety of materials with a broad range in particle sizes, and (iii) a flexibility on adjusting the composition . The diameters of the emulsion’s liquid droplets may range from 10 nm to 100 μm, and phenolic resins can be used as carbon precursor for emulsion polymerization. − Phenolic resin systems are formed with a base or acid catalyst to obtain resoles or novolacs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-micrometer Novolac-Derived Carbon Beads for High Performance Supercapacitors and Redox Electrolyte Energy Storage

Krüner

Lee

Jäckel

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Carbon beads with sub-micrometer diameter were produced with a self-emulsifying novolac-ethanol-water system. A physical activation with CO2 was carried out to create a high microporosity with a specific surface area varying from 771 (DFT) to 2237 m(2)/g (DFT) and a total pore volume from 0.28 to 1.71 cm(3)/g. The carbon particles conserve their spherical shape after the thermal treatments. The controllable porosity of the carbon spheres is attractive for the application in electrochemical double layer capacitors. The electrochemical characterization was carried out in aqueous 1 M Na2SO4 (127 F/g) and organic 1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate (123 F/g). Furthermore, an aqueous redox electrolyte (6 M KI) was tested with the highly porous carbon and a specific energy of 33 W·h/kg (equivalent to 493 F/g) was obtained. In addition to a high specific capacitance, the carbon beads also provide an excellent rate performance at high current and potential in all tested electrolytes, which leads to a high specific power (>11 kW/kg) with an electrode thickness of ca. 200 μm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-micrometer Novolac-Derived Carbon Beads for High Performance Supercapacitors and Redox Electrolyte Energy Storage

Krüner

Lee

Jäckel

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The system was diluted with the aqueous phase, sustaining the transition from W/O type ME (known also as inversed phase ME) to O/W ME with the normal phase [ 205 ]. In this direction, the knowledge of Winsor phases serves as a guideline in the process of formulation and preparation of ME, helping to adjust the composition of the designed systems [ 206 ].…”

Section: Microemulsions In a New Vision For An Optimized Acne Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

Foray into Concepts of Design and Evaluation of Microemulsions as a Modern Approach for Topical Applications in Acne Pathology

et al. 2020

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With a fascinating complexity, governed by multiple physiological processes, the skin is considered a mantle with protective functions which during lifetime are frequently impaired, triggering dermatologic disorders. As one of the most prevalent dermatologic conditions worldwide, characterized by a complex pathogenesis and a high recurrence, acne can affect the patient’s quality of life. Smart topical vehicles represent a good option in the treatment of a versatile skin condition. By surpassing the stratum corneum known for diffusional resistance, a superior topical bioavailability can be obtained at the affected place. In this direction, the literature study presents microemulsions as a part of a condensed group of modern formulations. Microemulsions are appreciated for their superior profile in matters of drug delivery, especially for challenging substances with hydrophilic or lipophilic structures. Formulated as transparent and thermodynamically stable systems, using simplified methods of preparation, microemulsions have a simple and clear appearance. Their unique structures can be explained as a function of the formulation parameters which were found to be the mainstay of a targeted therapy.

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“…A variety of nanomaterials, ranging from metals [12][13][14], bimetallic structures [15][16][17], other inorganic nanoparticles [18][19][20], and organic compounds [21,22], has been prepared by this approach. In the field of catalysis, microemulsion approach was successfully used to prepare different nanostructured catalytic materials [2,10,17,[23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsions as Nanoreactors to Obtain Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Tojo¹,

Buceta²,

López‐Quintela³

2018

Microemulsion - A Chemical Nanoreactor [Working Title]

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Microemulsions are frequently used as nanoreactors for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles. The ability to manipulate the metal distribution in bimetallic nanoparticles is essential for optimizing applications, and it requires a deeper understanding of how compartmentalization of reaction medium affects nanoparticle synthesis. A simulation model was developed to predict the atomic structure of bimetallic nanoparticles prepared via microemulsion in terms of metals employed and microemulsion composition. The model was successfully proved by comparing theoretical and experimental Au/Pt STEM profiles. On this basis, the model becomes a strong tool to further enhance our knowledge of the complex mechanisms governing reactions in microemulsions and its impact on final nanostructures. The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive kinetic analysis of coreduction of different couple of metals in the light of the interplay between three kinetic parameters: intermicellar exchange rate, chemical reduction rates of the two metals, and reactants concentration. The particular combination of these factors determines the reaction rate of each metal, which in turn determines the final metal arrangement.

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New Trends on the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Microemulsions as Confined Reaction Media

Cited by 21 publications

References 90 publications

Sub-micrometer Novolac-Derived Carbon Beads for High Performance Supercapacitors and Redox Electrolyte Energy Storage

Sub-micrometer Novolac-Derived Carbon Beads for High Performance Supercapacitors and Redox Electrolyte Energy Storage

Foray into Concepts of Design and Evaluation of Microemulsions as a Modern Approach for Topical Applications in Acne Pathology

Microemulsions as Nanoreactors to Obtain Bimetallic Nanoparticles

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