No Nocturnal Energetic Savings in Response to Hard Work in Free-Living Great Tits

Wiersma, Popko; Tinbergen, Joost M.

doi:10.1163/156854203764817715

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Clutches were experimentally manipulated by the addition and removal of three eggs (about one-third of the original clutch). In this, we followed previous studies on brood size manipulations in the same population (Sanz and Tinbergen, 1999;Wiersma and Tinbergen, 2003). Clutches of six eggs were reduced by two eggs to prevent nest desertion.…”

Section: Clutch Size Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic rate of nocturnal incubation in female great tits,Parus major, in relation to clutch size measured in a natural environment

Heij

Graaf

Hafner

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY To study the energetic costs of incubation in relation to clutch size,clutch sizes were manipulated and the metabolic rate of female great tits, Parus major (Linnaeus), during nocturnal incubation(MRinc) was measured using mobile oxygen analysers. Individuals were measured on consecutive nights while incubating their own or manipulated clutches. The experiment was performed under field conditions in order to place possible effects of clutch size manipulation within the context of other factors explaining variation in MRinc. Females spent more energy when incubating enlarged clutches as compared with controls(6–10% more energy for three additional eggs) but did not spend significantly less energy when incubating reduced clutches. MRinc was strongly negatively related to ambient temperature. The effect of clutch enlargement is consistent with previous studies whereas the absence of an effect of clutch reduction is not. The small effect of clutch enlargement on MRinc highlights the need for further studies to include measurements of daily energy expenditure in order to judge how important energy expenditure can be in explaining fitness consequences of incubating experimentally enlarged clutches.

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Section: Clutch Size Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic rate of nocturnal incubation in female great tits,Parus major, in relation to clutch size measured in a natural environment

Heij

Graaf

Hafner

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…For example, RMR is repeatable over periods of time ranging from days to years [18] even in individuals who have experienced a 20-fold increase in body mass between measurements [19]. Furthermore, individuals seem unable to compensate for periods of intense energy expenditure by lowering their RMR [20]. Thus, RMR has attracted considerable interest as an important ecological factor that can set rates of resource uptake and allocation to survival, growth and reproduction [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What causes intraspecific variation in resting metabolic rate and what are its ecological consequences?

et al. 2011

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Individual differences in the energy cost of self-maintenance (resting metabolic rate, RMR) are substantial and the focus of an emerging research area. These differences may influence fitness because selfmaintenance is considered as a life-history component along with growth and reproduction. In this review, we ask why do some individuals have two to three times the 'maintenance costs' of conspecifics, and what are the fitness consequences? Using evidence from a range of species, we demonstrate that diverse factors, such as genotypes, maternal effects, early developmental conditions and personality differences contribute to variation in individual RMR. We review evidence that RMR is linked with fitness, showing correlations with traits such as growth and survival. However, these relationships are modulated by environmental conditions (e.g. food supply), suggesting that the fitness consequences of a given RMR may be context-dependent. Then, using empirical examples, we discuss broad-scale reasons why variation in RMR might persist in natural populations, including the role of both spatial and temporal variation in selection pressures and trans-generational effects. To conclude, we discuss experimental approaches that will enable more rigorous examination of the causes and consequences of individual variation in this key physiological trait.Keywords: standard metabolic rate; resting metabolic rate; basal metabolic rate; maternal effects; metabolism; energetics INTRODUCTIONThe energy cost of self-maintenance (when measured as minimal rates of energy metabolism) varies remarkably within species. It effectively forms a central component of life-history theory which concerns how individuals must allocate a finite-energy budget among the competing interests of growth, reproduction and self-maintenance [1]. Compulsory trade-offs among these functions mean that variation in the rate of using energy will probably have implications for life-history traits and hence fitness. Consequently, there is great contemporary interest in amongindividual variation in minimal rates of energy metabolism. In this review, we address two issues: (i) why do some individuals consistently have two or three times the maintenance costs of conspecifics of the same size, age and sex; and (ii) what are the consequences for fitness? For our purposes, the 'baseline' measures of energy metabolism-basal, standard and resting metabolic rate (BMR, SMR and RMR, respectively) are most relevant. When measured on quiescent individuals, at a common temperature and corrected for body mass, these estimate the compulsory energy cost of self-maintenance that is central to life-history theory. The definitions of each vary slightly. SMR is the lowest rate of metabolism, measured at a

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“…One might expect that the Common Crane's food-accumulation curve is to some extent affected by foraging on days before the observation day and that the birds can deal with large changes in foraging conditions from day to day and modify their behavior accordingly (Alonso et al 1994(Alonso et al , 1997. We know the base-level condition in large birds like the Common Crane less well than we do in small or medium-sized birds (van der Meer and Piersma 1994, Piersma 2002, Reneerkens et al 2002, Wiersma and Tinbergen 2003. In other words, the timing of the inflection point highlights how much foraging stress a bird experiences, but it does not explain the causes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Daily Food-Intake Patterns in Birds

Bautista¹,

Alonso²

2013

The Condor

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Abstract. Avian foraging activity during daytime peaks after dawn and before dusk. The relative importance of each period of intensive foraging on the accumulated intake varies by species, individual, and day. We studied the relative importance of each period from direct observation of radio-tagged Common Cranes (Grus grus) during winter at a site of stopover and wintering in Spain. After a mathematical model was fitted, accumulated intake showed a typical anti-sigmoid shape, with greatest increases of intake after dawn and before dusk. The rise of accumulated intake decelerated until 50% of the day length, when the trajectory inflected and accelerated according to the fitted model. The trajectory of accumulated intake in territorial families that foraged in small home ranges with food predictably available but the cost of vigilance high decelerated until 20% of the day length, then accelerated for the rest of the day. In flocking nonterritorial cranes the inflection point was delayed until 60% of the day length, as expected since flocking cranes foraged in larger home ranges with food less predictable and the cost of vigilance lower. The inflection point was delayed in early winter and advanced in late winter. The changes in the inflection points of the functions for accumulated food intake may be straightforwardly applied to daily foraging routines of other species whose rates of intake may be recorded.

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No Nocturnal Energetic Savings in Response to Hard Work in Free-Living Great Tits

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Metabolic rate of nocturnal incubation in female great tits,Parus major, in relation to clutch size measured in a natural environment

Metabolic rate of nocturnal incubation in female great tits,Parus major, in relation to clutch size measured in a natural environment

What causes intraspecific variation in resting metabolic rate and what are its ecological consequences?

Factors Influencing Daily Food-Intake Patterns in Birds

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