Nomenclatural review of long digital forelimb flexors in carnivores

Spoor, C. F.; Badoux, D. M.

doi:10.1002/ar.1092160403

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Nevertheless, some comparative inferences about these muscles should be interpreted with caution. Spoor & Badoux (1986b) argued that the variety in the development of the long digital forelimb flexors in carnivorans represents the various intermediate stages between the morphology in man and in the dog, and proposed some changes in the nomenclature to better determine the correct homologies. However, in the present study it was preferred to adopt the official nomenclature for domestic mammals (ICVGAN ) because it has didactic advantages when comparing L. gymnocercus with domestic dog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional myology of the thoracic limb in Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a descriptive and comparative analysis

et al. 2018

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The characteristics of the muscles of the thoracic limb were evaluated in 22 specimens of Lycalopex gymnocercus. Descriptive and comparative analyses showed similarity with other canids in terms of topography and tendon insertions. Differences with the domestic dog were observed in the pectoralis profundus, triceps brachii and interflexorii muscles. Intraspecific variations were observed in the rhomboideus capitis, serratus ventralis cervicis, extensor carpi radialis, extensor digiti I and II, lumbricales, flexor digiti I brevis, abductor digiti I brevis, and flexor digiti V muscles. The analyses of muscle architecture carried out in nine specimens showed that there was no difference in muscle percentage mass in the thoracic limb of males and females, but a young specimen showed significant lower percentage mass. The triceps brachii caput longus muscle showed the greatest mass, the subscapularis muscle showed the greatest physiological cross‐sectional area value, and the extrinsic muscles, in general, presented the longest fascicles and higher architectural indexes. Muscle architecture data were compatible with those of a thoracic limb adapted to fast cursorial locomotion that prioritizes movements in a sagittal plane instead of rotation or adduction/abduction. There was a high association between functional percentage mass of the muscles in the thoracic limb and phylogeny in the Carnivora order. It may be inferred that carnivoran muscle mass is largely determined by phylogeny.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional myology of the thoracic limb in Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a descriptive and comparative analysis

et al. 2018

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“…These receive the names of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, but their position (superficial, intermediate, or deep) with respect to the third muscle and the palmar carpal ligament varies. Homology is best inferred from their relations to each other and the palmar carpal ligament (Spoor and Badoux, 1986), in which case they are easily homologized to similar muscles in reptiles. One muscle passes superficial to the ligament (palmaris longus) and the remaining two pass deep (superficial and deep digital flexors).…”

Section: Glade Cete Linnaeus 1758mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic aspects of Cetacean origins: A morphological perspective

Thewissen

1994

J Mammal Evol

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The evolutionary steps leading up to the origin of cetaceans involved pervasive changes in the masticatory apparatus, the ear, and limb morphology. These changes bear heavily on the phylogenetic relationships of Cetacea, and are investigated here on the basis of two of its earliest members: Pakicetus and Ambulocetus. A phylogenetic analysis of cetaceans, five groups of mesonychians, and five other groups of ungulates indicates that Pakicetus is the sister group to all other cetaceans, and that Cete (mesonychians and Cetacea) is a monophyletic group.

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“…On the other hand, this description closely resembled that given by Miller et al (1993) for M. interflexorii in dog. In this concern, Spoor and Badoux (1986) in dog proposed homology of M. interflexorii with the human M. flexor digitorum superficialis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Anatomical Studies on the Muscles of the Antebrachium and Manus Regions of Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)

Shoaib¹

2009

Journal of Veterinary Anatomy

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Eastern grey kangaroo is a large herbivorous marsupial animal found in southern and eastern areas of Australia. It belongs to Family Macropodidae .The present investigation was carried out on the carcasses of eight adult eastern grey kangaroos for studying the gross anatomy of the muscles of the antebrachium and manus regions. The antebrachial muscles classified into: Adorso-lateral group which comprise; Mm. extensor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, extensor digitorum lateralis, extensor digiti I and extensor carpi obliquus. Functionally, these muscles represented the extensors for the carpal and digital joints. As well as M. ulnaris lateralis it acts flexion of the carpal. In addition to M. brachioradialis and supinator which located in the flexor angle of the elbow joint and serve to turn the forepaw around the long axis. B-Palmar group which comprise; Mm. flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus. In addition to Mm. pronator teres and pronator quadratus which rotate the forearm medially.Functionally, these muscles represented the flexors of the carpal and digital joints. In conclusion, the antebrachium and manus regions in eastern grey kangaroo resemble nearly that of other macropod and carnivores in general, however, some original differences were detected between them in this study. Key wordanatomy, muscles, antebrachium and manus, eastern grey kangaroo Antebrachium muscles of the gray kangaroo Shoaib,M.B.

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Nomenclatural review of long digital forelimb flexors in carnivores

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Functional myology of the thoracic limb in Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a descriptive and comparative analysis

Functional myology of the thoracic limb in Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a descriptive and comparative analysis

Phylogenetic aspects of Cetacean origins: A morphological perspective

Some Anatomical Studies on the Muscles of the Antebrachium and Manus Regions of Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)

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