Non-contact detection of chemical warfare simulant triethyl phosphate using PM-IRRAS

Kycia, Annia H.; Vezvaie, Mansoor; Zamlynny, Vlad; Lipkowski, Jacek; Petryk, Michael W. P.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.059

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…16,17 TEP, which is a common intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides, 18 has been used as an organophosphate nerve agent simulant for many CWAs, particularly for G-series agents. 19 DEM, which is used in perfumes, is a simulant for soman. 20,21 MES, which is an organic ester naturally produced by many species of plants, particularly wintergreens, is a simulant or surrogate for the research of chemical agent sulfur mustard, due to its chemical and physical properties.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopic Detection for Simulants of Chemical Warfare Agents Using a Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer

et al. 2017

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Raman spectroscopic detection is one of the suitable methods for the detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and simulants. Since the 1980s, many researchers have been dedicated to the research of chemical characteristic of CWAs and simulants and instrumental improvement for their analysis and detection. The spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) is a new developing instrument for Raman detection that appeared in 2011. It is already well-known that SHRS has the characteristics of high spectral resolution, a large field-of-view, and high throughput. Thus, it is inherently suitable for the analysis and detection of these toxic chemicals and simulants. The in situ and standoff detection of some typical simulants of CWAs, such as dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), triethylphosphate (TEP), diethyl malonate (DEM), methyl salicylate (MES), 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), and malathion, were tried. The achieved results show that SHRS does have the ability of in situ analysis or standoff detection for simulants of CWAs. When the laser power was set to as low as 26 mW, the SHRS still has a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 5 in in situ detection. The standoff Raman spectra detection of CWAs simulants was realized at a distance of 11 m. The potential feasibility of standoff detection of SHRS for CWAs simulants has been proved.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopic Detection for Simulants of Chemical Warfare Agents Using a Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer

et al. 2017

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“…A sharp vibrational band can be observed at 1268 cm À1 which we assigned to the PQO stretching band. 24 This peak does not show shifting in its vibrational frequency, but is strongly affected when the phosphate headgroup interacts with Ca 2+ ions and also with CS (ESI, † Fig. S2), and these appear to have an opposite effect on its intensity compared to that of the 1066, 1093, and 1100 cm À1 bands.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of chondroitin sulfate with a lipid monolayer observed by using nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy

Szekeres

Krekic

Miller

et al. 2021

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Global production of aliphatic diisocyanates exceeds 100 000 metric tonnes/year (DOW, 2010), with usage in civilian, for example, autobody clear coat (Fent et al, 2009; Pronk et al, 2007; Reeb-Whitaker et al, 2012; Sparer et al, 2004) and military sectors, for example, chemical agent-resistant coating (CARC) for aircraft, tanks, etc. (CARC 2000; Carlton & England, 2000; Kycia et al, 2012; LaPuma & Bolch, 1999; Wisnewski et al, 2012). Contemporary formulations generally consist of HDI oligomers with limited respirability (unless sprayed or heated) along with more volatile monomeric HDI and sometimes isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) (Fent et al, 2009; Reeb-Whitaker et al, 2012; Thomasen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction products of hexamethylene diisocyanate vapors with “self” molecules in the airways of rabbits exposed via tracheostomy

et al. 2017

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Hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) is a widely used aliphatic diisocyanate and a well-recognized cause of occupational asthma.“Self” molecules (peptides/proteins) in the lower airways, susceptible to chemical reactivity with HDI, have been hypothesized to play a role in asthma pathogenesis and/or chemical metabolism, but remain poorly characterized.This study employed unique approaches to identify and characterize “self” targets of HDI reactivity in the lower airways. Anesthetized rabbits free breathed through a tracheostomy tube connected to chambers containing either, O2, or O2 plus ~200 ppb HDI vapors. Following 60 minutes of exposure, the airways were lavaged and the fluid was analyzed by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS.The low-molecular weight (<3 kDa) fraction of HDI exposed, but not control rabbit bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid identified 783.26 and 476.18 m/z [M+H]+ ions with high energy collision-induced dissociation (HCD) fragmentation patterns consistent with bis glutathione (GSH)-HDI and mono(GSH)-HDI. Proteomic analyses of the high molecular weight (>3 kDa) fraction of exposed rabbit BAL fluid identified HDI modification of specific lysines in uteroglobin (aka clara cell protein) and albumin.In summary, this study utilized a unique approach to chemical vapor exposure in rabbits, to identify HDI reaction products with “self” molecules in the lower airways.

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Non-contact detection of chemical warfare simulant triethyl phosphate using PM-IRRAS

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Raman Spectroscopic Detection for Simulants of Chemical Warfare Agents Using a Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer

Raman Spectroscopic Detection for Simulants of Chemical Warfare Agents Using a Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer

The interaction of chondroitin sulfate with a lipid monolayer observed by using nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy

Reaction products of hexamethylene diisocyanate vapors with “self” molecules in the airways of rabbits exposed via tracheostomy

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