“…Dynamic programming [3] can treat such types of problems, but it suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Over the past decade, many salient methods have been developed to solve these problems, such as the hierarchical numerical method [4], genetic algorithm (GA) [5][6][7], evolutionary programming [8][9][10], Tabu search [11], neural network approaches [12,13], differential evolution [14], particle swarm optimization [15][16][17][18], hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) method [19], improved PSO [20] and Immune-PSO(IPSO) [21].…”