“…Transconductance elements are useful building blocks in analogue signal processing systems, especially in continuous time ® lters and four-quadrant multipliers (Babanezhad and Temes 1985, Seevinck and Wassenaar 1987, Wilson and Chan 1990, Sevenhans and Van Paemel 1991, Raut 1992, Mahmoud and Soliman 1999. Many implementations have been reported in the literature for obtaining highly linear transconductors .…”