Numerical modelling of methanol liquid pool fires

Prasad, Kuldeep; Li, Chiping; Kailasanath, K.; Ndubizu, Chuka C.; Ananth, Ramagopal; Tatem, Patricia A.

doi:10.1088/1364-7830/3/4/308

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The vortices cause flickering, which is especially evident at large values of x. The flickering effects are much more pronounced in short, puffing, diffusion-flame formed over a liquid pool surface, which exhibits flow instabilities caused by the heat feed back [32]. Figure 3 shows the radial temperature profile at 10 mm (x=4 cm) above the burner.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed in the theory section, the conditions at the inner tube exit are not well defined because they are coupled to the flame downstream. This is due to the back diffusion (and radiation) of heat and mass from the flame to the inner tube exit upstream, and idealizations are made in theoretical models to decouple the boundary [9,32]. Therefore, small differences may exist between the actual conditions and the idealized boundary conditions employed in the present computations at the inner tube exit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also imposed 2 cm/sec velocity for the fuel flow from the tube so that it is equivalent to 1 cm/sec velocity at STP conditions. Furthermore, we neglect back diffusion of species from the flame into the fuel tube despite the low fuel velocity, and assume that the fuel emerging from the tube is 100% propane consistent with earlier works [9,30,32].…”

Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The droplet is assumed to be spherical and the internal gradients of momentum and energy are neglected in view of extremely small size range considered in the computations. This assumption is typically used for water [9,22,24,25,28,32]. Liquid water has five times higher thermal conductivity than a typical hydrocarbon liquid such as heptane.…”

Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extinction Dynamics of a Co-flow Diffusion Flame by Very Small Water Droplets Injected into the Air Stream

Ananth¹,

Mowrey²

2008

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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Computations are performed to examine the effectiveness of mono-disperse water droplets in extinguishing a co-flow, propane diffusion flame by injecting the droplets into the air stream. The calculations show that the droplets entrained into the reaction kernel at the flame base are crucial for extinction. The reaction kernel detaches from the burner rim and blows-off when the droplet concentration is increased to a critical value (extinction concentration). At the critical value, the maximum chain-branching reaction (H2+O=OH+H) rate in the reaction kernel was found to be reduced by a factor of 5 in our computations. A large decrease in the reaction rate indicates that the maximum heat generations rate and Damkholer number are too low to sustain the flame, and cause the flame blow-off. Large drops are more effective than small drops, and the extinction concentration of water increases from 10.5% to 15% by mass as the size is reduced from 32 to 4 micro m. As the droplet size is increased further (>32 micro m), the trend will reverse as the evaporation rates get too small despite increased penetration of flame core by the drops. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) 28-07-2008Memorandum Report

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extinction Dynamics of a Co-flow Diffusion Flame by Very Small Water Droplets Injected into the Air Stream

Ananth¹,

Mowrey²

2008

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“…Fuel regression rate models have recently been incorporated in numerical simulations (see Novozhilov and Koseki [2004], and Prasad et al [1999]). These modeling efforts have primarily been directed towards relatively small fires (< 1 m diameter) which are not in the fully turbulent regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon characterization experiments in fully turbulent fires.

Ricks¹,

Blanchat²

2007

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As the capabilities of numerical simulations increase, decision makers are increasingly relying upon simulations rather than experiments to assess risks across a wide variety of accident scenarios including fires. There are still, however, many aspects of fires that are either not well understood or are difficult to treat from first principles due to the computational expense. For a simulation to be truly predictive and to provide decision makers with information which can be reliably used for risk assessment the remaining physical processes must be studied and suitable models developed for the effects of the physics. The model for the fuel evaporation rate in a liquid fuel pool fire is significant because in well-ventilated fires the evaporation rate largely controls the total heat release rate from the fire. A set of experiments are outlined in this report which will provide data for the development and validation of models for the fuel regression rates in liquid hydrocarbon fuel fires. The experiments will be performed on fires in the fully turbulent scale range (> 1 m diameter) and with a number of hydrocarbon fuels ranging from lightly sooting to heavily sooting. The importance of spectral absorption in the liquid fuels and the vapor dome above the pool will be investigated and the total heat flux to the pool surface will be measured. The importance of convection within the liquid fuel will be assessed by restricting large scale liquid motion in some tests. These data sets will provide a sound, experimentally proven basis for assessing how much of the liquid fuel needs to be modeled to enable a predictive simulation of a fuel fire given the couplings between evaporation of fuel from the pool and the heat release from the fire which drives the evaporation.

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Experimental study of the flash point of flammable liquids under different altitudes in Tibet plateau

et al. 2013

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To reveal the dependence the flash point of flammable liquids have on altitude, a series of field tests at different altitudes in Tibet plateau were carried out by aid of a portable flash point measuring apparatus. The five tested altitudes are 3650, 3950, 4250, 4500, and 4750 m in Tibet plateau, as well as a benchmark altitude of 58 m in Hefei (a sea‐level city). The test results show the flash point has a nonlinear dependence on altitude for all the tested flammable liquids. The subsequent theoretical analysis indicates that the reciprocal of flash point depends linearly on the logarithmic of altitude, which in general agrees with the test results especially at relatively low altitudes. The study indicates that the fire hazard of flammable liquids increases as the altitude increases, which is an important consideration for the safety design of aircraft fuel tank as well as the fire safety management of oil production and transport in high‐altitude plateau. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Numerical modelling of methanol liquid pool fires

Cited by 53 publications

References 24 publications

Extinction Dynamics of a Co-flow Diffusion Flame by Very Small Water Droplets Injected into the Air Stream

Extinction Dynamics of a Co-flow Diffusion Flame by Very Small Water Droplets Injected into the Air Stream

Hydrocarbon characterization experiments in fully turbulent fires.

Experimental study of the flash point of flammable liquids under different altitudes in Tibet plateau

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