Obstruction of the swing phase during gait: phase-dependent bilateral leg muscle coordination

Dietz, Volker; Quintern, J.; Boos, Gisele Silva; Berger, W.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)91233-3

Cited by 99 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A lengthened swing phase ( -80 ms) was also reported by Dietz et al, (1986) after applying a momentary resistance of 80 ms above the ankle joint at the onset of the swing phase in walking humans. For perturbations in early swing, Eng et al (1994) de scribed a mean swing phase prolongation of 97 mst and they also showed an example of a swing phase which was increased by about 180 ms (their Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Responses evoked by decelerating the treadmill had latencies of 65-75 ms in the tibialis anterior . Dietz et al (1986) described responses with latencies of 65-70 ms in the ipsilateral gastrocnemius after mechanical perturbation during the swing phase by a holding impulse. Ghori and Luckwill (1989) found responses in the RF with a mean latency of 82 ms after a resistance applied during swing on a treadmill.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simulate such perturbations, in some studies a momentary resistance was applied during the swing phase by a cord which was fixed above the ankle joint of the swinging leg (Garret and Luckwill, 1983;Dietz et al, 1986). The latency between onset of impulse and appearance of electromyographic (EMG) responses in both ipsilateral (tibialis anterior; rectus femoris) and con tralateral muscles (gastrocnemius; biceps femoris) was 65-70 ms (Dietz et al, 1986). Different responses occurred depending upon whether the resistance was applied at the onset or at the end of the swing phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanically induced stumbling during human treadmill walking

Schillings

Wezel

Duysens

1996

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

135

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A new method to study the reactions to unexpected mechanical perturbations during human walking on a treadmill is presented.Perturbations consisted of an obstruction of the forward swinging foot during the early swing phase. These were caused by obstacles which were dropped on the treadmill in front of the subject The timing o f the perturbation was controlled by an electromagnet which released the obstacle at a preprogrammed delay after left or right heel strike. This kind of perturbation evoked stumbling reactions. The electromyographic (EM G ) responses during these stumbling reactions had mean latencies of 76 ms in both the ipsilateral biceps femoris and rectus femoris when perturbations were applied in early swing. During the perturbed swing, increased flexion in the knee occurred to lift the foot over the obstacle. Both the E M G and kinesiologic responses were reproducible when perturbations were presented in the same part of the swing phase of different step cycles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanically induced stumbling during human treadmill walking

Schillings

Wezel

Duysens

1996

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While several investigations have studied the effects of perturbations applied to the whole limb during the swing phase of walking (Dietz et al, 1986;Lam et al, 2003;Ghori and Luckwill, 1989;Ghori and Luckwill, 1990), the present displacements have been applied at a single joint of a limb that is not freely moving. For this reason comparison with other studies is limited.…”

Section: Task-dependency Of the Response Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single joint perturbation during gait: Preserved compensatory response pattern in spinal cord injured subjects

Field-Fote¹,

Dietz²

2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective-Responses to afferent input during locomotion are organized at the spinal level but modulated by supraspinal centers. The study aim was to examine whether supraspinal influences affect the behavior of complex electromyographic (EMG) responses to single limb perturbations during walking.Methods-Subjects with motor-complete (MCSCI), motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (MISCI), and non-disabled (ND) subjects participated. Hip or knee joint trajectory was briefly arrested by a robotic device at early or late swing phase. EMG responses from muscles of both legs were analyzed.Results-Perturbation-induced EMG responses of spinal cord injured and ND individuals were similar in basic structure, with the exception that tibialis anterior onset times were delayed for SCI subjects. Across all groups, perturbations in late swing (i.e., near the swing-to-stance transition) were associated with shorter muscle onset times and higher EMG amplitudes. Knee perturbations were associated with shorter muscle response onset times, while hip perturbations were elicited higher response amplitudes. EMG responses were also evoked in muscles contralateral to the perturbation.Conclusions-These data indicate that neuronal circuits within the spinal cord deprived of normal supraspinal input respond to swing phase perturbations in a manner that is similar to that of the intact spinal cord.Significance-The adult human spinal cord is capable of generating complex, phase-appropriate responses much as has been observed in studies of human infants and in spinal animals.

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“…A lowering strategy is seen during late swing and consists of an immediate placement of the obstructed foot on the ground, followed by a step of the contralateral limb to overtake the obstacle. The strategies are defined on the basis of the obstructed swing limb, but a strategydependency was found in the support limb as well (Dietz et al 1986). Thus, dependent on the context, appropriate muscle responses need to be selected for recovery after a trip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of support limb muscles in recovery after tripping in young and older subjects

2004

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Older people fall more often after tripping than young people due to a slower development of mechanical responses. This might be due to age-related changes in muscle properties, but also to changes in motor control. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether (a) timing and sequencing of muscle activation and (b) the magnitude and rate of development of muscle activation in recovery after a trip differs between young and older subjects. We focused on the support limb, as it contributes to recovery after tripping by counteracting the forward angular momentum. Ten young (25 years) and seven older (68 years) men and women walked over a platform and were tripped several times at different points in the gait cycle. Kinematics and EMG of the support limb muscles were measured. After tripping, rapid EMG responses (60-80 ms) were observed in hamstring and triceps surae muscles in both young and older subjects. A slightly increased delay (11 ms) was found only in the soleus muscle of the older subjects. The muscle activity patterns (timing and sequencing) were similar in young and older subjects, but the magnitude and rate of development of muscle activity were significantly lower in older subjects. Especially the lower rate of development of muscle activation in the support limb of older subjects is likely to reduce the rate of force generation, which can contribute to inadequate recovery responses and falls.

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Obstruction of the swing phase during gait: phase-dependent bilateral leg muscle coordination

Cited by 99 publications

References 3 publications

Mechanically induced stumbling during human treadmill walking

Mechanically induced stumbling during human treadmill walking

Single joint perturbation during gait: Preserved compensatory response pattern in spinal cord injured subjects

Control of support limb muscles in recovery after tripping in young and older subjects

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