Occurrence and seasonality of aflatoxin M1 in milk in two different climate zones

Abstract

BACKGROUND Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a mycotoxin found in milk as a result of the ingestion of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by dairy cattle. Because of its carcinogenic properties, the control of its occurrence in dairy products is of great importance. We evaluated the occurrence and seasonality of AFM1 in milk from farms with subtropical and temperate climates, where significant milk production occurs. Forty samples of raw milk were collected from bulk tansk milk during the summer (five samples from a subtropical climate and 14 from a temperate climate) and winter (six samples from a subtropical climate and 15 from a temperate climate) months of 2017 and conducted an analysis using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (detection limit 5 ng L−1). Data from eight random samples were compared with respect to liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and ELISA. A significant correlation was observed. RESULTS The presence of AFM1 was detected in 87.50% (n = 35) of the samples analyzed (a mean of 16.66 ng L−1 and a median of 12.42 ng L−1 in positive samples); however, its concentration in all samples was below the maximum limit allowed by European (50 ng L−1) and Brazilian (500 ng L−1) legislations. There were no significant differences in the levels of AFM1 between the properties located in the two climate zones, in both summer and winter. The estimated daily intake of AFM1 based on the milk analyzed was 0.0107 ng kg−1 day−1 for adolescents, 0.0072 ng kg−1 day−1 for adults and 0.0098 ng kg−1 day−1 for the elderly. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrated a low exposure to AFM1. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

Worldwide aflatoxin contamination of agricultural products and foods: From occurrence to control

“…Contrastingly, in a survey conducted in Brazil, 40 samples of milk collected from subtropical and temperate regions of the country were screened for the presence of aflatoxin M1, of these samples 87.50% contained detectable levels of aflatoxin M1 with a mean concentration of 16.66 ng/L. However, the authors did not observe any significant differences in the levels of aflatoxin M1 between the two climate zones in both summer and winter (Venâncio et al., 2019).…”

The Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Cow Milk Collected from Tunisia during a Hot Lactating Season

“…The maximum concentration of AFM1 (197.37 µg/L) in Tunisian raw milk was higher than that reported in other countries around the world, including Cyprus (0.017 µg/L; [ 42 ]), Turkey (0.034 µg/L; [ 43 ]), Italy (0.026 µg/kg; [ 44 ]), Pakistan (0.021 µg/L; [ 45 ]), Brazil (0.045 µg/L; [ 46 ]), China (0.036 µg/L; [ 47 ]), Lebanon (0.440 µg/L; [ 48 ]), and Spain (1.36 µg/L; [ 49 ]), and lower than that reported in Kenya (273.8 µg/L; [ 50 ]) and Iran (240 µg/L; [ 51 ]).…”

Las aflatoxinas, un tóxico que continúa presente en los alimentos y sus efectos biológicos en los humanos y en los animales

“…Sin embargo, la presencia de la AFM 1 afecta su calidad y la salud de los consumidores. La concentración de la AFM 1 en la leche varía según la región geográfica y la estación del año, así como los cambios en la temperatura y la humedad ambiental, que impactan significativamente en la contaminación con los hongos productores de AFs en los granos y los forrajes con los que se alimenta al ganado vacuno (Venâncio et al, 2019;Jallow, Xie, Tang, Zhang & Li, 2021).…”