Occurrence of cutaneous infections of <i>Myxobolus episquamalis</i> (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) in sea mullet, <i>Mugil cephalus L</i>, in Australia

Rothwell, J.; Virgona, J. L.; Callinan, R. B.; Nicholls, P. J.; Langdon, J. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb15709.x

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The infection site and morphological characteristics of the spores observed from the scales in this study are similar to those reported (Egusa et al 1990;Rothwell et al 1997;Diamanka et al 2008;Kim et al 2013). In addition, 18S rRNA sequence data of the spores showed 100% homology to M. episquamalis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Myxobolus episquamalis infects the epithelial tissues of the scales and fins (Rothwell et al 1997). Previous reports of this parasite describe up to 70% of the body of M. cephalus covered in lesions (Diamanka et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Typical lesions associated with this parasite are reddish in colour, resulting from the proliferation of blood vessels around the cysts (Rothwell et al 1997). The cyst-like lesions are located on the distal portion of the scale, embedded within the dermis (Rothwell et al 1997). The plasmodia contain ovoid spores, which *Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus episquamalis infecting grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) from New Zealand

Lane

Booth

Pande

et al. 2015

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Primary Industries, New Zealand, received a report of a grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) presenting reddish-white granular lesions across its body. Gross pathological examination revealed cyst-like lesions on the distal portion of the scales and proximal part of the fins. Giemsa-stained wet preparations of these lesions presumptively identified spores as Myxobolus sp. DNA sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene further identified these spores as Myxobolus episquamalis. This is the first report of Myxobolus episquamalis infecting M. cephalus from New Zealand.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus episquamalis infecting grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) from New Zealand

Lane

Booth

Pande

et al. 2015

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…According to previously described species, 15 species belonging to the Myxobolus genus have been demonstrated to infect mullet (Bahri and Marques 1996). Myxobolus species infecting mullet have been reported on various geological regions including the west coast of Tunisia, Mediterranean coast, in the Atlantic at Ria de Aveiro in northern Portugal, South Florida coast, Australia, and the Japanese coast Rothwell et al 1997;Diamanka et al 2008;Umur et al 2010). All characteristics of this new species were also compared to confirm morphological similarities to the spores of different species of the genus Myxobolus described previously (see Table 1).…”

Section: Morphological and Ultrastructural Taxonomic Classificationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Myxobolus supamattayai n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from Thailand parasitizing the scale pellicle of wild mullet (Valamugil seheli)

et al. 2010

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A new myxosporean species, Myxobolus supamattayai n. sp., was isolated from wild mullet (Valamugil seheli) from the Andaman Sea, Thailand and described based on its morphology and molecular data. The myxosporean produced black plasmodia-like unique clinical sign on the skin with sporogonic stages and mature spores. Polysporous plasmodia, up to 2.5 mm in diameter, were found in epithelium tissue in the scale pocket. The spores measured 6.6 (6.2-7.0) μm in length, 6.5 (6.2-6.7) μm in width, smooth, and round board to ellipsoidal in valvular view. Spores were enclosed with intracapsular process which represents 5-7 and 11-12 in amount revealed in light microscopy and ultrastructure, respectively. The polar capsules were pyriform and of equal size, measuring 3.5 (3.4-3.6) μm in length and 2.0 (1.9-2.2) μm in width, with four to five turns of polar filament arranged perpendicularly to longitudinal axis of the polar capsule. In conclusion, this new species is entirely different from those previously described; however, this finding was assured by the partial sequence of SSU rRNA gene (1,666 bp) analysis that differed from all known species of Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882. The phylogenetic tree of the sequence data sets including those of freshwater and marine of Myxobolus spp. and the sister group (Henneguya spp.) was constructed to establish the relationship of this new species in Myxobolus clade and to explore its relations between their sister groups. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that a monophyletic group with Myxobolus spp. which infected mullet represents the newly formed species. These results suggested the presumably nearby evolution prospecting of Myxobolus species that were found in the same host.

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“…This indicates that infection, development, and spore maturation occurs within the first few months of life. A number of myxozoan parasites have been shown to infect primarily young fishes, especially in spring and early summer (Kent et al 1994, Rothwell et al 1997, Holzer & Schachner 2001. Other examples of myxosporean infections of young fishes include proliferative kidney disease in trout, whereby the fish are infected during April and May (Foote & Hedrick 1987), Sphaerospora truttae in salmon (Ozer & Wootten 2000), Myxobolus cerebralis infection in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Markiw 1991), Myxobolus episquamalis infection in the sea mullet Mugil cephalus in the spring (Rothwell et al 1997), and Kudoa thyrsites infection in Atlantic salmon (St-Hilaire et al 1998).…”

Section: Kudoa Clupeidae Development In Atlantic Menhadenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxosporean plasmodial infection associated with ulcerative lesions in young-of-the-year Atlantic menhaden in a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and possible links to Kudoa clupeidae

Reimschuessel¹,

Gieseker²,

Driscoll³

et al. 2003

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Ulcers in Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) (Clupeidae), observed along the USA east coast, have been attributed to diverse etiologies including bacterial, fungal and, recently, harmful algal blooms. To understand the early pathogenesis of these lesions, we examined juvenile Atlantic menhaden collected during their seasonal presence in Chesapeake Bay tributaries from April to October 1999 and from March to August 2000. We conducted histopathological examinations of young-of-the-year fish from the Pocomoke River tributary, which has a history of fish mortalities and high lesion prevalence. Kudoa clupeidae (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) spores were present in the muscles of fish collected in both years. Of the fish assessed by histology in April, 5 to 14% were infected, while in May 90 to 96% were infected. Infection rates remained high during the summer. Mature spores were primarily located within myomeres and caused little or no observable pathological changes. Ultrastructure showed spores with capsulogenic cells bearing filamentous projections, and a basal crescentic nucleus with mottled nucleoplasm containing cleaved, condensed chromatin. Also, a highly invasive plasmodial stage of a myxozoan was found in the lesions of juvenile Atlantic menhaden. The plasmodia were observed in fish collected between May and July, with the maximum occurrence in late June 1999 and late May 2000. Plasmodia penetrated and surrounded muscle bundles, causing grossly observable raised lesions in 73% of all fish infected with this invasive stage. Plasmodia were also detected in the visceral organs, branchial arches, and interocular muscles of some fish. Some of the invasive extrasporogonic plasmodial lesions were associated with ulcers and chronic inflammatory infiltrates. The plasmodial stage appeared to slough out of the tissue with subsequent evidence of wound healing. Ultrastructure showed plasmodia with an elaborate irregular surface, divided into distinct ectoplasm and endoplasm; the latter contained numerous spherical vegetative nuclei, secondary generative cells, and occasional cell doublets. Our ultrastructural studies indicate that the plasmodial organisms, which are important in the etiology of the skin lesions, are myxozoans, and they may represent early stages of K. clupeidae. KEY WORDS: Atlantic menhaden · Brevoortia tyrannus · Kudoa clupeidae · Myxosporea · Plasmodia · LesionsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Occurrence of cutaneous infections of Myxobolus episquamalis (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) in sea mullet, Mugil cephalus L, in Australia

Abstract: The infection is widespread in Australian mullet, but rarely causes significant economic loss.

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

First report of the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus episquamalis infecting grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) from New Zealand

First report of the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus episquamalis infecting grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) from New Zealand

Myxobolus supamattayai n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from Thailand parasitizing the scale pellicle of wild mullet (Valamugil seheli)

Myxosporean plasmodial infection associated with ulcerative lesions in young-of-the-year Atlantic menhaden in a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and possible links to Kudoa clupeidae

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