“…The crucial difference between the above (and traditional) views of creole formation and dynamic views as proposed by researchers such as Alleyne (1971Alleyne ( , 1993, Arends (1989Arends ( , 1993, Baker (1990), Keesing (1988), Singler (1986Singler ( , 1988Singler ( , 1990Singler ( , 1993Singler ( , 1995 is that the latter researchers maintain that a (historically) adequate account of the formation of a given creole can only be deduced or derived from an analysis of the social circumstances of its formation, i.e. the make-up and development of the formative contact setting(s).…”