On-line microfluidic sensor integrated with an enzyme-modified pre-cell for the monitoring of paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples

Development of an acetaminophen amperometric biosensor based on peroxidase entrapped in polyacrylamide microgels

“…The standby potential was 0 and the equilibration time was 4 s. The response to the potential step of the blank solution was also recorded and the signal was subtracted from the APAP measurements. The number of electrons implicated in the direct oxidation of APAP at this potential value was considered to be 2 (Messina et al, 2006;Miner et al, 1981;Wangfuengkanagul and Chailapakul, 2002). The diffusion coefficients were calculated from the slope of a plot of I vs. t −1/2 using the Cottrell equation (Bard and Faulkner, 2001).…”

“…In the particular case of APAP, a continuous flow sensing device with an HRP-modified pre-cell coupled to an amperometric detector was developed for monitoring the drug in pharmaceutical formulations (Messina et al, 2006), but the current response was quite low. Other authors have used HRP immobilized onto nanoporous magnetic silica microparticles for APAP biotransformation and inhibition studies (Yu et al, 2006), but the inconvenience of this approach is its limited enzymatic load.…”

A Peroxidase‐Based Biosensor Supported by Nanoporous Magnetic Silica Microparticles for Acetaminophen Biotransformation and Inhibition Studies

“…APAP has been studied with biosensors based on polyphenol oxidase (from avocado tissue) [17], aryl acylamidase [18] and HRP [19] with amperometric detection of the generated NAPQI. Recently, we described the use of nanoporous magnetic microparticles (MMPs) for the construction of amperometric HRP immobilized biosensors [20,21].…”

Flow injection analysis of paracetamol using a biomimetic sensor as a sensitive and selective amperometric detector

“…However, use of modified electrodes, such as biosensors 32,37 and more recently biomimetic sensors, 38 can enable operation at potentials much lower than those normally used, thus decreasing the interference.…”

“…40 Flow-through electrochemical sensors allow the continuous real-time monitoring of analytes, and are among the most important types of analytical tools that have received extensive attention, in pharmaceutical analysis as well as in other environmental and biochemical applications. 13,37,40,41 This paper reports on the development of the first (as far as we are aware) biomimetic sensor coupled to a FIA system for analysis of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations and aquatic samples.…”